Shekarar 2022 za ta "rufe", wace irin "takardar amsa ta shekara-shekara" ce cinikin ƙasashen waje na China zai kawo?
A gefe guda, jimillar darajar shigo da kaya da fitar da kaya a cikin watanni 11 na farko na ci gaba mai dorewa a lokaci guda, raguwar ci gaban kasuwancin waje na wata-wata daga watan Yuli zuwa wata; A gefe guda kuma, domin samun ƙarin oda, daga lardunan tattalin arziki na gabashin gabar teku zuwa yankunan tsakiya da yamma, gwamnatoci da yawa sun shirya kamfanonin kasuwanci na ƙasashen waje don tashi zuwa ƙasashen waje don haɓaka kasuwanni.
Mataimakin shugaban cibiyar musayar tattalin arziki ta kasa da kasa ta kasar Sin, tsohon mataimakin ministan kasuwanci Wei Jianguo, ya ce a wata hira ta musamman da wakilin labarai mai tasowa, ana sa ran a duk tsawon wannan shekarar, shigo da kayayyaki da fitar da kayayyaki daga kasar Sin zai ci gaba da kasancewa cikin koshin lafiya da kwanciyar hankali, kuma fitar da kayayyaki daga kasar zai ci gaba da samun ci gaba mai girma a fannoni biyu.
Duk da haka, Wei Jianguo ya nuna cewa raguwar ƙimar ci gaban wata ɗaya har yanzu tana cikin ma'aunin da ya dace, kuma raguwar "na ɗan lokaci ne, abin fahimta", "firgici ne da ba dole ba, ba za a iya cewa raguwar ƙimar ci gaban wata ɗaya don tabbatar da cewa makomar cinikin ƙasashen waje ba ta da kyau, cinikin ƙasashen waje gabaɗaya har yanzu yana cikin yanayi mai kyau da kwanciyar hankali na aiki ba."
Dangane da yanayin ciniki na shekara mai zuwa, Wei ya ce halin da ake ciki a shekara mai zuwa yana da tsanani, har yanzu kamfanonin cinikayya na cikin gida dole ne su shawo kan tasirin da annobar cikin gida ta haifar, jinkirin da aka samu na kwace iko, wanda shine mabuɗin. Ya kuma jaddada cewa bayan annobar, masana'antar masana'antu ta duniya, jari, fasaha da hazaka za su hanzarta canja wurin zuwa China, dole ne mu kasance cikin shiri, yayin da larduna ke kara shiri, da kuma karin damarmaki don amfani da su.
Idan ana maganar matakin da ƙungiyoyi da yawa na gida ke ɗauka a yanzu na kwace umarni, Wei ya bayyana shi a matsayin "kirkire-kirkire a tarihin cinikin ƙasashen waje", a lokaci guda kuma, aiwatar da taron Ofishin Siyasa na Tsakiya na ranar 6 ga Disamba ne da aka gabatar da shawarar "ma'aikatan gwamnati za su yi ƙarfin hali, 'yan kasuwa za su yi ƙarfin hali, 'yan kasuwa za su yi ƙarfin hali, jama'a za su yi ƙarfin hali su fara aiki". Bugu da ƙari, Wei ya ba da shawarar cewa ya kamata a riƙa fita da himma wajen ɗaukar matakin, "kamar arewa maso gabas, yanzu ya kamata a ce suna taka rawar 'ƙungiya' a mafi kyawun lokaci."
"Raguwar darajar ci gaba na ɗan lokaci ne, shigo da kaya da fitar da kayayyaki daga ƙasashen waje na shekara-shekara zai ci gaba da kasancewa ci gaba mai kyau da kwanciyar hankali"
Labaran Tafiya: Bayanan da Babban Hukumar Kwastam ta fitar sun nuna cewa a watan Nuwamba, jimillar darajar kayayyakin da ake shigowa da su da kuma fitar da su daga kasar Sin ta kai yuan tiriliyan 3.7, karuwar kashi 0.1% a kowace shekara, karuwar wata guda na ci gaba da raguwa, ta yaya za a kalli wannan sauyi?
Wei Jianguo: Dalilin raguwar ci gaban kasuwancin ƙasashen waje a cikin wata guda, na ɗaya shine rarrabawar wurare da yawa na annobar cikin gida da wasu matakan rigakafi da kula da annoba na gida, wanda ya haifar da wasu yankuna na toshewar fitar da kayayyaki, na biyu shine hauhawar ƙimar riba ta Tarayyar Tarayya wanda ya haifar da hauhawar farashin kayayyaki a wasu ƙasashe, ƙarfin siyan masu amfani ya shafi wani mataki, a lokaci guda, raguwar buƙatun masu amfani na ƙasashen waje, wanda ya haifar da tarin kayan da aka tara, wanda hakan ke shafar umarnin abokin ciniki na gaba, na uku shine rikicin Rasha da Ukraine, bayan farashin makamashi ya tashi, farashin jigilar kaya ya tashi, kuma wasu masana'antu a Turai sun rufe, don haka tun daga lokacin, an sami raguwar buƙatar kayan masarufi masu inganci da rayuwa a China.
Duk da haka, raguwar cinikin ƙasashen waje a cikin wata guda har yanzu tana cikin yanayi mai kyau, raguwar ta wucin gadi ce kuma abin fahimta ce, daga hangen nesa gabaɗaya, cinikin ƙasashen waje har yanzu yana cikin yanayi mai kyau da kwanciyar hankali na aiki, ba za a iya cewa raguwar ƙimar ci gaba a cikin wata ɗaya don tabbatar da cewa makomar cinikin ƙasashen waje ba ta da kyau.
Labarai masu ban sha'awa: watanni 11 na farko na wannan shekarar, cinikin waje na kasar Sin yana da abin da ya cancanci a kula da shi?
Wei Jianguo: A cikin watanni 11 na farko, jimillar darajar shigo da kaya da fitar da kaya ta kasar Sin ta kai Yuan tiriliyan 38.34, karuwar kashi 8.6% a cikin wannan lokacin a bara, wanda ya hada da fitar da kaya ta Yuan tiriliyan 21.84, karuwar kashi 11.9%, shigo da kaya ta Yuan tiriliyan 16.5, karuwar kashi 4.6%, fitar da kaya ko karuwar lambobi biyu.
Tunda aikin cinikayyar waje na wannan shekarar yana da muhimman alamu da suka cancanci a kula da su. Da farko, shigo da kaya da fitar da kaya daga waje ya kai sama da kashi 60% na jimillar darajar cinikin waje, wanda ya kai kashi 63.8%, wanda ya karu da kashi 2.2% a cikin wannan lokacin a bara, kyakkyawan aikin ciniki na gaba daya ya nuna cewa zagayowar cikin gida ta kasar Sin a matsayin babban zagaye biyu na bunkasa sabuwar tsarin ci gaba yana daukar salo.
Na biyu, cinikin sarrafa kayayyaki ya sami ɗan ci gaba. A lokacin annobar, cinikin sarrafa kayayyaki ya kasance mai jinkiri, ko ma mara kyau, yayin da watanni 11 na farko na sarrafa ciniki shigo da kaya da fitarwa ya kai yuan tiriliyan 7.74, karuwar kashi 1.3%, ƙaramin ƙaruwa a cikin babban mahimmancin sarrafa kasuwanci yana bayan yanayin kasuwanci a China ya zama mafi kyau, adadi mai yawa na masu zuba jari na ƙasashen waje don zuba jari a kasuwanci, samarwa akan ƙari.
Na uku, yawan karuwar shigo da kaya da fitar da kaya daga kasar Sin a kasashen da ke kan hanyar "Belt and Road" ya fi na sauran kasashe girma, kuma dangantakar cinikayya da ke tsakaninta da kasar Sin ta yi tsami, a cikin watanni 11 na farko, jimillar kudin da kasar Sin ta shigo da su da kuma fitar da su daga kasashen da ke kan hanyar "Belt and Road" ya kai yuan tiriliyan 12.54, karuwar kashi 20.4%, karuwar kashi 11.8 cikin 100 na shekara-shekara ya fi na jimillar kudin da ake samu daga cinikin waje na kasa, kuma ina ganin cewa karuwar za ta ci gaba da karuwa.
Na huɗu, kayayyakin injina da na lantarki da kuma kayayyakin da ke buƙatar aiki mai yawa don cimma bunƙasa sau biyu, mun damu cewa, saboda hauhawar farashin kayan masarufi, hauhawar farashin ma'aikata, tare da kewayen Vietnam, Malaysia ba za ta ɗauke hannun jarin kasuwa da wasu dalilai ba, fitar da kayayyaki masu buƙatar aiki mai yawa zai ragu, amma daga bayanan da suka gabata a watan Nuwamba, fitar da kayayyaki masu buƙatar aiki ya kai yuan tiriliyan 3.91, ƙaruwar kashi 9.9%, kayayyakin injina da na lantarki da kuma fitar da kayayyaki masu buƙatar aiki. Bayan bunƙasa sau biyu, yana nuna cewa muna ci gaba da ƙarfafa canji da haɓaka kamfanonin cinikin ƙasashen waje, da kuma sauya tsarin kayayyakin kamfanonin cinikin ƙasashen waje.
Bugu da ƙari, a cikin watanni 11 na farko, ASEAN har yanzu ita ce babbar abokiyar cinikinmu, a nan godiya ga aiwatar da RCEP, kuma RCEP na gaba zai ci gaba da iko.
Don haka, daga hangen nesa na gaba ɗaya na shekara, ina tsammanin shigo da kaya da fitarwa na kasuwanci zai ci gaba da kasancewa cikin koshin lafiya da kwanciyar hankali, fitar da kaya zuwa ƙasashen waje zai ci gaba da girma sau biyu, shigo da kaya kuma zai girma nan ba da jimawa ba.
"Oda daga kamfanonin kasuwanci na ƙasashen waje shine kwano na shinkafa, ƙungiya zuwa teku ita ce sabuwar ƙirƙira a tarihin cinikin ƙasashen waje"
Labaran Intanet: A halin yanzu, gwamnatocin ƙananan hukumomi da dama suna shirya kamfanoni don karɓar umarni, yaya kuke kallon wannan zagayen mataki?
Wei Jianguo: Ga kamfanonin kasuwanci na ƙasashen waje, odar ita ce kwano na shinkafa, babu wani umarni da ba zai iya rayuwa ba. Gwamnati ta shirya kamfanonin kasuwanci na ƙasashen waje don zuwa teku, ana iya cewa ita ce sabuwar fasaha a tarihin cinikin ƙasashen waje. Na lura cewa wannan sabuwar fasaha ba wai kawai ta fara a yankunan bakin teku na Guangdong, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Fujian, da sauransu ba, a yankunan tsakiya da yamma, ciki har da Hunan, Sichuan, da sauransu, wanda hakan abu ne mai kyau.
Baya ga kirkire-kirkire, al'ummar yankin kudu maso gabas sun fi muhimmanci wajen aiwatar da taron Hukumar Siyasa ta Tsakiya na ranar 6 ga Disamba, wanda ya shafi "ma'aikatan gwamnati da ke kokarin yin hakan, 'yan kasuwa da ke kokarin yin hakan, 'yan kasuwa da ke kokarin yin hakan, jama'a su yi kokarin yin hakan".
Ƙungiyar da za ta karɓi oda a ƙasashen waje, da farko, ta nuna cewa bayan babban taron ƙasa na 20, kamfanonin cinikayya na ƙasashen waje suna da sabon salo, suna da ƙarfin gwiwar shiga don cin nasara a duniya; na biyu, oda kamfanonin cinikayya na ƙasashen waje ne, amma sai sarkar samarwa, aikin yi da kuma cikakken tsarin kasuwar cikin gida, don haka oda ta kama kasuwa; na uku, kamfanonin cinikayya na ƙasashen waje su baje kolin a ƙasashen waje, akwai matsaloli da yawa na kamfanoni, gwamnati ta taka rawar "Wani hannu", za ku iya ganin cewa gwamnati tana da sauri, tana da ayyuka don taimaka wa kamfanoni su magance matsalolin, gami da jiragen sama masu haya, rigakafin annoba har ma da jari.
Daga yanzu zuwa watan Afrilu mai zuwa, wato watan Mayu, za a gudanar da nune-nunen duniya guda biyar ko shida, dole ne mu shiga cikin himma, ba wai kawai a Guangdong, Hong Kong da Macao ba, yankin Delta na Kogin Yangtze don shiga, yankunan tsakiya da yamma, yankin arewa maso gabas ma ya kamata ya shiga cikin himma, yanzu ne lokaci mafi kyau don taka rawar "ƙungiya".
Bala'in da ya faru na shekaru uku ba wai kawai ciniki ne na ƙasashen waje ba ne, tattalin arzikinmu gaba ɗaya tare da musayar kuɗi ta duniya, sadarwa, da kuma tashar jiragen ruwa ba su isa ba, sarkar samar da kayayyaki ta duniya a cikin shekaru uku da suka gabata ta ci gaba da daidaitawa, kuma wannan daidaitawar ta kasance ne a cikin rashin wasu kamfanonin China, yanzu a wannan lokacin don cike nisan, cikin sauri zuwa sabuwar sarkar samar da kayayyaki ta duniya, sarkar masana'antu, dole ne mu yi aiki mai kyau na "musanya, sadarwa, da tashar jiragen ruwa", muna buƙatar fita, ba wai kawai don yin fafutukar neman odar fitarwa ba, har ma don jawo hankalin ƙarin jari a China.
"Yanayin cinikin ƙasashen waje na shekara mai zuwa yana da tsanani, amma kuma lokaci ne mai ƙarfi"
Labaran Intanet: menene hasashen yanayin cinikin ƙasashen waje na shekara mai zuwa?
Wei Jianguo: yanayi biyu, yanayin da ake ciki a shekara mai zuwa yana da muni, har yanzu kamfanonin cinikayya na cikin gida dole ne su shawo kan tasirin da annobar cikin gida ke haifarwa, jinkirin da aka samu na kwace iko, wanda shine mabuɗin, ɓangaren duniya, wasu daga cikin yaƙi da duniya baki ɗaya, gami da kariyar ciniki, ra'ayin haɗin kai, da sauransu, zai ƙara yin tasiri ga cinikin ƙasashen waje na China, kuma shine babban ƙalubalen da za mu fuskanta.
Tun daga ƙarshen kasuwancin kasuwancin ƙasashen waje na wannan shekarar don ganin halin da ake ciki, shekara mai zuwa lokaci ne mai ƙarfi. Don ƙara buɗewa ga duniyar waje a babban mataki, kamfanonin cinikayya na ƙasashen waje don ci gaba da ruhin jajircewa don karya ƙa'idar shiga, da kuma ƙoƙari zuwa shekara mai zuwa, buƙatar ƙasashen waje ba ta isa ba, har ma buƙatar ƙasashen waje na ɗan lokaci yana da matuƙar wahala, cinikin ƙasashen waje zai shawo kan wahalhalun, don ci gaba da kasancewa a halin yanzu, ko ma fiye da yanayin wannan shekarar, ci gaban ciniki na ƙasashen waje zai ƙaru a ƙarƙashin ƙoƙarinmu na ɗan lokaci.
Labaran Surf: Waɗanne muhimman abubuwa ne suka fi daukar hankali a harkokin kasuwancin ƙasashen waje na shekara mai zuwa?
Wei Jianguo: Babban abin da ya fi daukar hankali shi ne salon zamani na kasar Sin da muke son aiwatarwa. Tsarin zamani na kasar Sin yana jaddada babban matakin budewa ga kasashen waje. A shekara mai zuwa, za a yi jerin manufofi da matakai don karfafa babban matakin budewa ga kasashen waje, inganta yanayin kasuwancin kasar Sin, kare kadarorin fasaha, musamman wajen kafa tsarin kasuwa bisa halalta shi, tallatawa da kuma hada kan kasashen duniya, daukar babban mataki a gaba, kuma babbar kasuwar kasar Sin za ta jawo hankalin jarin da ba a iya kirgawa ba kamar wani abu mai ban tsoro. Bayan barkewar annobar, masana'antu na duniya, jari, fasaha da hazaka za su hanzarta canja wurin zuwa kasar Sin, dole ne mu kasance a shirye, yayin da larduna ke kara shiri, da kuma karin damarmaki don amfani.
Labaran Intanet: Wace rawa ce daidaita cinikayyar waje zai taka wajen daidaita ci gaba? A shekara mai zuwa, daidaiton cinikayyar waje ya kamata ya kasance daga waɗanne fannoni don yin ƙoƙari?
Wei Jianguo: A lokacin da amfani bai ci gaba ba, tasirin saka hannun jari bai bayyana ba tukuna, cinikin ƙasashen waje zai ci gaba da taka muhimmiyar rawa. Daidaita cinikayyar ƙasashen waje, babban abu shine a daidaita batutuwan kasuwa, daidaita manufofin cinikin ƙasashen waje. Na farko, aiwatar da jerin manufofin cinikin ƙasashen waje daga wannan shekarar, waɗanda suka haɗa da inshora, bashi, kwastam, gami da wasu manufofi na fifiko ga kasuwancin e-commerce na kan iyakoki, don fahimtar ƙungiya da aiwatarwa; na biyu, don kafa babban rukunin hanyar sadarwa ta bayanai a buɗe, buƙatar duniya ga abin da abubuwa suke, wane wuri yana da nunin faifai, wane wuri yana buƙatar abin da abokan ciniki ke buƙata, wane shawara kan samfuranmu, waɗanda har yanzu ana buƙatar bincika kasuwanni, cinikin ƙasashen waje don fahimta da wuri-wuri Na uku, kafa "tutar jirgin ruwa" a matsayin babban, sauran "jirgin ruwa" na kula da tsarin "jirgin ruwa", wato, manyan kamfanoni su jagoranci, tare da ƙananan kamfanoni sama da ƙasa Linkage, ƙirƙirar hanyar "tsayawa ɗaya" don haɓaka sabbin kasuwanni.
An fassara ta da www.DeepL.com/Translator (sigar kyauta)
Lokacin Saƙo: Disamba-15-2022