2022 igiye "gufunga", ni ubuhe bwoko bw'"urupapuro rw'ibisubizo rw'umwaka" ruzatangwa n'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga bw'Ubushinwa?
Ku ruhande rumwe, agaciro k’ibitumizwa mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga mu mezi 11 ya mbere y’iterambere rirambye icyarimwe, igipimo cy’ubwiyongere bw’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga buri kwezi kuva muri Nyakanga ukwezi ku kwezi kiragabanuka; Ku rundi ruhande, kugira ngo haboneke amadeni menshi, ava mu ntara z’ubukungu zo mu burasirazuba bw’inkombe z’iburasirazuba kugeza mu turere two hagati n’uburengerazuba, za leta nyinshi zashyizeho ibigo by’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga kugira ngo biguruke mu mahanga kugira ngo biteza imbere amasoko.
Visi Perezida w’Ikigo cy’Ubushinwa gishinzwe Ubukungu Mpuzamahanga, Visi Perezida, wahoze ari Visi Minisitiri w’Ubucuruzi, Wei Jianguo, yavuze mu kiganiro cyihariye n’umunyamakuru w’amakuru ukomeje kwiyongera, ko biteganijwe muri uyu mwaka wose, ko ubucuruzi rusange bw’ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga mu Bushinwa bizakomeza kuba byiza kandi bihamye, ko ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bizakomeza kwiyongera ku mibare ibiri.
Ariko, Wei Jianguo yagaragaje ko igabanuka ry’umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bw’ukwezi kumwe rikiri mu rugero ruhamye, kandi igabanuka ry’ibiciro ni “ry’igihe gito, rirumvikana”, “ubwoba butari ngombwa, ntabwo byavuga ko igabanuka ry’umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bw’ukwezi kumwe kugira ngo bigaragaze ko ahazaza h’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga ari habi, ubucuruzi bw’amahanga muri rusange buracyari mu rwego rwiza kandi ruhamye rw’imikorere.”
Ku bijyanye n'imiterere y'ubucuruzi bw'umwaka utaha, Wei yavuze ko ibintu bikomeye umwaka utaha, ibigo by'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga byo mu gihugu biracyagomba guhangana n'ingaruka zatewe n'icyorezo cyo mu gihugu, igihe cyo gutinda cyo kwigarurira, ari na cyo cy'ingenzi. Yanashimangiye ko nyuma y'icyorezo, inganda zikora ibintu byinshi ku isi, imari shingiro, ikoranabuhanga n'impano bizihutisha kwimurirwa mu Bushinwa, tugomba kwitegura, uko intara ziteguye, ni ko amahirwe menshi yo gufata.
Ku bijyanye n'igikorwa cy'amatsinda menshi yo mu gace akoreramo cyo gufata amabwiriza, Wei yavuze ko ari "udushya mu mateka y'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga", icyarimwe, ni ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'inama ya 6 Ukuboza yatanzwe n'ibiro bikuru bya politiki yasabaga ko "abakandida batinyuka gukora, abaturage batinyuka kunyura mu gihugu, ibigo bitinyuka gukora, rubanda batinyuka gukora". Byongeye kandi, Wei yatanze igitekerezo cy'uko ahantu henshi hakwiye kujya hanze no gufata iya mbere, "nk'amajyaruguru y'uburasirazuba, ubu hakwiye kuvugwa ko ariho hagomba kugira uruhare mu "guhuza" igihe cyiza."
“Kugabanuka k’umuvuduko w’izamuka ry’ubukungu ni iby’igihe gito, ubucuruzi bw’ibitumizwa mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga buri mwaka buzakomeza kuba iterambere ryiza kandi rihamye”
Amakuru yo kuzenguruka mu kirere: Amakuru yashyizwe ahagaragara n'Ubuyobozi Bukuru bwa Gasutamo agaragaza ko mu kwezi k'Ugushyingo, agaciro k'ibicuruzwa byinjizwa n'ibyoherezwa mu mahanga by'Ubushinwa kangana na tiriyari 3.7 z'amayuan, ubwiyongere bwa 0.1% ugereranyije n'umwaka, igipimo cy'ubwiyongere bw'ukwezi kumwe gikomeje kugabanuka, ni gute wabibona?
Wei Jianguo: Impamvu yagabanutse mu iterambere ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga mu kwezi kumwe, imwe ni ikwirakwizwa ry’icyorezo mu gihugu hamwe n’inzego zimwe na zimwe zo gukumira no kugenzura ibyorezo mu gihugu, bigatuma hari aho ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bihagarara, iya kabiri ni ukwiyongera kw’inyungu ku nyungu za Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika byatumye habaho izamuka ry’ibiciro mu bukungu bumwe na bumwe, ubushobozi bwo kugura ibicuruzwa bwagizweho ingaruka ku rugero runaka, icyarimwe, kugabanuka kw’ibikenewe n’abaguzi b’abanyamahanga, bituma habaho ibirarane by’ibicuruzwa byari byarabitswe, ibyo bigatuma abakiriya batumiza nyuma, iya gatatu ni amakimbirane hagati y’Uburusiya na Ukraine, nyuma y’uko ibiciro by’ingufu byazamutse, ibiciro by’imizigo byazamutse, ndetse n’inganda zimwe na zimwe mu Burayi zifunzwe, ku buryo kuva icyo gihe, habayeho kugabanuka kw’ibikenewe ku bicuruzwa bitanga umusaruro kandi bizima mu Bushinwa.
Ariko, igabanuka ry'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga mu kwezi kumwe riracyari mu rugero ruhamye, igabanuka ni iry'igihe gito kandi rirumvikana, muri rusange, ubucuruzi bw'amahanga buracyari mu rwego rwiza kandi ruhamye rw'imikorere, ntabwo twavuga ko igabanuka ry'umuvuduko w'iterambere mu kwezi kumwe rigaragaza ko ahazaza h'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga ari mu mwijima.
Amakuru yo kuzenguruka mu mazi: amezi 11 ya mbere y'uyu mwaka, ubucuruzi bw'amahanga bw'Ubushinwa bufite iki gikwiye kwitabwaho?
Wei Jianguo: Mu mezi 11 ya mbere, agaciro k'ibicuruzwa biva mu Bushinwa bitumiza no kohereza hanze kangana na tiriyari 38.34 z'amayuani, byiyongereyeho 8.6% ugereranyije n'igihe nk'icyo umwaka ushize, muri byo, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bya tiriyari 21.84 z'amayuani, byiyongereyeho 11.9%, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bya tiriyari 16.5 z'amayuani, byiyongereyeho 4.6%, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga cyangwa kwiyongera kw'imibare ibiri.
Kubera ko ubucuruzi bw’amahanga bw’uyu mwaka bufite ibimenyetso byinshi by’ingenzi bikwiye kwitabwaho. Icya mbere, ibicuruzwa by’ubucuruzi rusange bitumizwa mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga byagize agaciro karenga 60% by’agaciro kose k’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga, bigera kuri 63.8%, ubwiyongere bwa 2.2% mu gihe nk’icyo umwaka ushize, imikorere myiza y’ubucuruzi rusange igaragaza ko uruziga rw’imbere mu gihugu rw’Ubushinwa nk’uruziga rw’ingenzi, rw’imbere mu gihugu n’urw’amahanga rw’iterambere rishya rurimo gutera imbere.
Icya kabiri, ubucuruzi bwo gutunganya ibicuruzwa bwazamutse. Mu gihe cy'icyorezo, ubucuruzi bwo gutunganya ibicuruzwa bwagiye bugabanuka, cyangwa ndetse bukagira izamuka ribi, mu gihe amezi 11 ya mbere y'ubucuruzi bwo gutunganya ibicuruzwa butumizwa mu mahanga no kohereza hanze 7.74 yuan, ubwiyongere bwa 1.3%, kwiyongera guke mu gaciro gakomeye k'ubucuruzi bwo gutunganya ibicuruzwa biri inyuma y'ibidukikije by'ubucuruzi mu Bushinwa bwarushijeho kuba bwiza, umubare munini w'abashoramari b'abanyamahanga bashora imari mu bucuruzi, umusaruro ku bindi.
Icya gatatu, igipimo cy’iterambere ry’ibihugu bitumiza no kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga mu Bushinwa kiri hejuru y’igipimo cy’iterambere ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga bw’igihugu, kandi umubano wacyo w’ubucuruzi urushaho kuba wa hafi, mu mezi 11 ya mbere, igipimo cy’iterambere ry’ibihugu bitumiza no kohereza ibicuruzwa mu Bushinwa mu buryo bwa “Belt and Road” kiri hejuru y’igipimo cy’iterambere ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga bw’igihugu kiri hejuru y’igipimo cy’iterambere ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga bw’igihugu kiri hejuru y’igipimo cy’iterambere ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga bw’igihugu kiri hejuru y’igipimo cy’iterambere ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga bw’igihugu, kandi ndizera ko umuvuduko w’iterambere uzakomeza kwiyongera.
Icya kane, ibikoresho by’imashini n’amashanyarazi n’ibicuruzwa bikoresha imbaraga nyinshi kugira ngo bigere ku iterambere ryikubye kabiri, twari dufite impungenge ko, bitewe n’izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ibikoresho fatizo, izamuka ry’ibiciro by’abakozi, hamwe n’igihugu gikikije Viyetinamu, Maleziya itazakuraho isoko n’izindi mpamvu, ibicuruzwa bikoresha imbaraga nyinshi bizagabanuka, ariko ukurikije imibare yo mu Ugushyingo ishize, ibicuruzwa bikoresha imbaraga nyinshi byoherezwa mu mahanga byageze kuri tiriyari 3.91 z’amayuani, ubwiyongere bwa 9.9%, ibicuruzwa bikoresha imbaraga nyinshi n’ibikoresha imbaraga nyinshi byoherezwa mu mahanga Nyuma y’izamuka ryikubye kabiri, bigaragaza ko dukomeje gushimangira impinduka no kuvugurura ibigo by’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga, ndetse no guhindura imiterere y’ibicuruzwa by’ibigo by’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga.
Byongeye kandi, mu mezi 11 ya mbere, ASEAN iracyari umufatanyabikorwa wacu ukomeye mu bucuruzi, kubera ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya RCEP, kandi RCEP itaha izakomeza ku butegetsi.
Rero, mu gihe cy’umwaka wose, ndatekereza ko ubucuruzi bw’ibitumizwa mu mahanga n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga buzakomeza kuba iterambere ryiza kandi rihamye, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bizakomeza kwiyongera inshuro ebyiri, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga na byo bizakura vuba.
“Amabwiriza y’ibigo by’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga ni nk’igikombe cy’umuceri, itsinda rigana ku nyanja ni udushya mu mateka y’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga”
Amakuru yo kuzenguruka: Muri iki gihe, inzego nyinshi z'ibanze zitegura ibigo kugira ngo bifatire amategeko, ubona ute iki gikorwa?
Wei Jianguo: ku bigo by’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga, itegeko ni isahani y’umuceri, nta mandat idashobora kubaho. Guverinoma yateguye ibigo by’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga kugira ngo bijye mu nyanja, bishobora kuvugwa ko ari udushya mu mateka y’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. Nabonye ko iri shyashya ritari mu nkengero za Guangdong, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Fujian, n’ahandi gusa, mu turere two hagati n’utw’iburengerazuba, harimo na Hunan, Sichuan, n’ahandi. Naryo ryatangiye, ibyo bikaba ari ikintu cyiza.
Uretse guhanga udushya, inzira yo gufata amabwiriza ni ingenzi cyane mu gushyira mu bikorwa ibisabwa n’inama yo ku ya 6 Ukuboza y’Ibiro bya Politiki Nkuru “abakandida batinyuka gukora, abaturage batinyuka kunyura mu gihugu, ibigo bitinyuka gukora, rubanda batinyuka gukora”.
Itsinda rigiye gufata amadosiye mu mahanga, icya mbere, rigaragaza ko nyuma ya Kongere ya 20 y'Igihugu, ibigo by'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga bifite isura nshya, bitinyuka gutsinda isi; icya kabiri, amadosiye ni ibigo by'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga, ariko hagakurikiraho uruhererekane rw'umusaruro, akazi n'isoko ryuzuye ry'imbere mu gihugu, bityo amadosiye yo gufata amadosiye ni ugufata isoko; icya gatatu, ibigo by'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga bigiye kumurika mu mahanga, hari ibibazo byinshi by'ibigo, leta yagize uruhare "urundi ruhande", urabona ko leta yihuta, itanga serivisi zifasha ibigo gukemura ibibazo, harimo indege zakodeshejwe, gukumira icyorezo ndetse n'imari.
Kuva ubu kugeza muri Mata utaha, Gicurasi, isi yose izaba irimo amamurikagurisha atandukanye atanu cyangwa magana atandatu, tugomba kwitabira cyane, atari muri Guangdong, Hong Kong na Macao gusa, akarere ka Yangtze River Delta kugira ngo twitabire, uturere two hagati n'utw'iburengerazuba, akarere k'amajyaruguru y'uburasirazuba na ko kagomba kwitabira cyane, iki ni cyo gihe cyiza cyo gukina uruhare rw' "itsinda".
Icyorezo cy’imyaka itatu si ubucuruzi bw’amahanga gusa, ubukungu bwacu muri rusange hamwe n’ivunjisha mpuzamahanga, itumanaho, gupakira ibicuruzwa ntibihagije, uruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa ku isi mu myaka itatu ishize rwakomeje guhinduka, kandi iri hinduka ni uko hari ibigo bimwe na bimwe by’Abashinwa bitagize aho bihuriye, none kuri iyi nshuro kugira ngo tugere ku ntera, vuba mu ruhererekane rushya rw’ibicuruzwa ku isi, uruhererekane rw’inganda, tugomba gukora akazi keza ko “gupakira ibicuruzwa, itumanaho, gupakira ibicuruzwa”, tugomba kujya hanze, atari ukurwanira gusa ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, ahubwo no gukurura ishoramari ryinshi mu Bushinwa.
“Ibibazo by’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga by’umwaka utaha birakomeye, ariko kandi ni igihe gikomeye kurushaho”
Amakuru yo kuzenguruka mu kirere: ni iyihe gahunda y'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga buzaba burimo umwaka utaha?
Wei Jianguo: ibintu bibiri, ibintu umwaka utaha ni bibi, ibigo by’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga byo mu gihugu biracyagomba gutsinda ingaruka zatewe n’icyorezo cyo mu gihugu, igihe cyo gutinda kwifata, ari na cyo cy’ingenzi, urwego mpuzamahanga, bimwe mu birwanya ikwirakwizwa ry’isi, harimo no kurengera ubucuruzi, guharanira inyungu z’uruhande rumwe, nibindi, bizagira ingaruka zikomeye ku bucuruzi bw’amahanga bw’Ubushinwa, nabyo ni ingorabahizi ikomeye kandi tugomba kubyihanganira.
Kuva mu mpera z'uyu mwaka w'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga kugira ngo tubone uko ibintu bimeze, umwaka utaha ni igihe gikomeye kurushaho. Kugira ngo dukomeze gufungura amahanga ku rwego rwo hejuru, ibigo by'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga kugira ngo bikomeze umutima wo gutinyuka gukora, no guharanira ko umwaka utaha, ibyo abantu basaba ntibihagije, ndetse n'ibyo abantu basaba mu mahanga mu gihe runaka biragoye cyane, ubucuruzi bw'amahanga kugira ngo bushobore guhangana n'ibibazo, kugira ngo dukomeze uko ibintu bimeze ubu, cyangwa se birusheho kuba byiza kurusha uko uyu mwaka umeze, iterambere ry'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga mu buryo bw'imibare ibiri, rizakongerwa bitewe n'imbaraga zacu mu gihe runaka.
Amakuru yo ku rubuga rwa Surf: Ni ibihe bintu by'ingenzi mu bucuruzi bw'amahanga bw'umwaka utaha bikwiye kwitabwaho?
Wei Jianguo: Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni uburyo bwo kuvugurura ibintu nk'uko Abashinwa bashaka gushyira mu bikorwa. Uburyo bwo kuvugurura ibintu nk'uko Abashinwa babivuga bushimangira uburyo bwo kuvugurura ibintu nk'uko Abashinwa babivuga. Umwaka utaha, hazabaho politiki n'ingamba zo gushishikariza abantu bo hanze korohereza ibintu nk'uko abandi babyumva, guteza imbere ubucuruzi bw'Ubushinwa, kurengera umutungo bwite mu by'ubwenge, cyane cyane mu gushyiraho uburyo bw'isoko bushingiye ku kwemerwa n'amategeko, kwamamaza no gushyira ibicuruzwa mu mahanga, gutera intambwe nini, kandi isoko rinini ry'Ubushinwa rizakurura ishoramari ritagira ingano nk'iry'umuntu utari mwiza. Nyuma y'icyorezo, inganda ku isi, imari shingiro, ikoranabuhanga n'impano bizihutisha kwimurirwa mu Bushinwa, tugomba kuba twiteguye, intara ziteguye cyane, niko amahirwe menshi yo gufata.
Amakuru yo kuzenguruka mu kirere: Ni uruhe ruhare rwo guteza imbere ubucuruzi bw'amahanga mu iterambere rirambye? Umwaka utaha, ubucuruzi bw'amahanga buhamye bugomba kuva mu bihe bingana iki kugira ngo hakorwe imbaraga?
Wei Jianguo: Mu ikoreshwa ry’ibiciro ntiryakomeje, ingaruka z’ishoramari ntiziragaragara, ubucuruzi bw’amahanga buzakomeza kugira uruhare runini. Gutuza ubucuruzi bw’amahanga, ikintu cy’ingenzi ni ugutuza abantu ku isoko, gutuza politiki y’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. Icya mbere, gushyira mu bikorwa politiki z’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga muri uyu mwaka, zirimo ubwishingizi, inguzanyo, imisoro, harimo na politiki zimwe na zimwe zihariye z’ubucuruzi bw’ikoranabuhanga bwambukiranya imipaka, gusobanukirwa imiterere n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa; icya kabiri, gushyiraho itsinda rinini, rifunguye, ritanga amakuru, icyifuzo cy’ibintu ku isi yose, aho hantu hari imurikagurisha, aho hantu hakeneye abakiriya, inama ku bicuruzwa byacu, aho amasoko aracyakeneye gusuzumwa, ubucuruzi bw’amahanga bugomba gufatwa vuba bishoboka. Icya gatatu, gushyiraho "ikirango" nk'ingenzi, ubundi "bufasha" bwo kubungabunga "amato", ni ukuvuga ibigo binini bigomba gufata iya mbere, hamwe n’ibigo bito bikurura n’ibikurura, gushyiraho uburyo "bushobora guhagarara" bwo guteza imbere amasoko mashya.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza 15-2022