Gore ra2022 rava kuda "kuvharwa", rudzii rwe "mhinduro dzepagore" dzichapihwa nekutengeserana kwekunze kweChina?
Kune rumwe rutivi, kukosha kwese kwezvinhu zvinopinzwa nekutengeswa kunze kwenyika mumwedzi gumi nerimwe yekutanga yekukura kwakasimba panguva imwe chete, kukura kwekutengeserana kwekunze kwemwedzi nemwedzi kubva munaChikunguru mwedzi nemwedzi kunoderera; Kune rumwe rutivi, kuti vawane maodha akawanda, kubva kumapurovhinzi ekumabvazuva ehupfumi kusvika kumatunhu epakati nekumadokero, hurumende dzakawanda dzakaronga makambani ekutengeserana kunze kwenyika kuti abhururuke misika.
Mutevedzeri weMutungamiriri weChina Center for International Economic Exchanges, aimbova Mutevedzeri weGurukota rezvekutengeserana, Wei Jianguo, akati muhurukuro yakasarudzika nemutori wenhau ari kukura, anotarisirwa gore rino rese, kutengeserana kweChina kwekunze nekutengesa kunze kwenyika kucharamba kuri kwakanaka uye kwakasimba, uye kutumira kunze kwenyika kucharamba kuchikura kaviri.
Zvisinei, Wei Jianguo akataura kuti kudzikira kwehuwandu hwekuwedzera kwemwedzi mumwe chete kuchiri mukati mehuwandu hwakagadzikana, uye kudzikira uku "kwenguva pfupi, kunonzwisisika", "kutya kusingakoshi, hazvigoneke kutaura kuti kudzikira kwehuwandu hwekuwedzera kwemwedzi mumwe chete kuratidza kuti ramangwana rekutengeserana kwekunze harina kujeka, kutengeserana kwekunze kwese kuchiri muhuwandu hwakanaka uye hwakagadzikana hwekushanda."
Nezvemamiriro ekutengeserana egore rinouya, Wei akati mamiriro ezvinhu gore rinouya akakomba, makambani ekutengeserana kunze kwenyika emuno achiri kufanira kukunda mhedzisiro inokonzerwa nedenda remuno, nguva inononoka yekudzora, iyo ndiyo kiyi. Akasimbisawo kuti mushure medenda, indasitiri yekugadzira yepasi rose, mari, tekinoroji uye tarenda zvichakurumidzisa kutamisirwa kuChina, tinofanira kugadzirira, kana matunhu akagadzirira, mikana yakawanda yekubata.
Kana zvasvika pakuita kuri kuitwa nemapoka mazhinji emunharaunda kutora mirairo, Wei akatsanangura izvi se "kuvandudzwa munhoroondo yekutengeserana kwekunze", panguva imwe chete, ndiko kuiswa kwemusangano weCentral Political Bureau waZvita 6 wakarongwa wekuti "mapoka anofanira kuita, emunharaunda anofanira kuita, makambani anofanira kuita, ruzhinji runoshinga kuita". Pamusoro pezvo, Wei akakurudzira kuti nzvimbo dzakawanda dzibude dzichitora danho, "senge kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva, ikozvino inofanira kunzi inotora basa re'boka' nguva yakanakisa."
"Kuderera kwekukura kwemusika ndekwenguva pfupi, kutengeswa kwezvinhu kunze kwenyika kwegore negore kucharamba kuri budiriro ine hutano uye yakagadzikana"
Nhau dzeKushambira: Data rakaburitswa neGeneral Administration of Customs rinoratidza kuti mumwedzi waMbudzi, kukosha kwese kwezvinhu zvinopinzwa nekutengeswa kunze kwenyika zve3.7 trillion yuan, kuwedzera kwe0.1% gore negore, kukura kwemwedzi mumwe chete kuri kuramba kuchiderera, ungaona sei shanduko iyi?
Wei Jianguo: Chikonzero chekuderera kwekukura kwekutengeserana kwekunze mumwedzi mumwe chete, chimwe ndechekupararira kwedenda remuno uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzekudzivirira nekudzora denda, zvichikonzera kuvharirwa kwedzimwe nzvimbo, chechipiri kukwira kwemubereko weFederal Reserve kwakakonzera kukwira kwemitengo mune dzimwe nyika, simba rekutenga revatengi rakakanganiswa kusvika pamwero wakati, panguva imwe chete, kudzikira kwezvinodiwa nevatengi vekunze, zvichikonzera kusaririra kwemari yakachengetwa, izvo zvinokanganisawo maodha emutengi anotevera, chechitatu ihondo yeRussia neUkraine, mushure mekunge mitengo yesimba yakwira, mitengo yekutakura zvinhu yakwira, uye mamwe mafekitori muEurope avharwa, zvekuti kubvira ipapo, kwave nekudzikira kwekuda kwezvinhu zvinobudirira uye zvipenyu zvevatengi muChina.
Zvisinei, kudzikira kwekutengeserana kwekunze mumwedzi mumwe chete kuchiri mukati mehuwandu hwakagadzikana, kudzikira uku ndekwenguva pfupi uye kunonzwisisika, kubva pamaonero ese, kutengeserana kwekunze kuchiri muhuwandu hwakanaka uye hwakagadzikana hwekushanda, hazvigone kutaura kuti kudzikira kwehuwandu hwekukura mumwedzi mumwe chete kuratidza kuti ramangwana rekutengeserana kwekunze harina kujeka.
Nhau dzekushandisa maswif: mwedzi gumi nerimwe yekutanga yegore rino, kutengeserana kwekunze kweChina kune chii chakakodzera kutariswa?
Wei Jianguo: Mumwedzi gumi nerimwe yekutanga, kukosha kweChina kwekutumira nekuburitsa zvinhu kunze kwenyika kwakasvika 38.34 trillion yuan, kuwedzera kwe8.6% munguva imwecheteyo gore rapfuura, uko kwakasvika 21.84 trillion yuan kunze kwenyika, kuwedzera kwe11.9%, kutengeswa kwezvinhu kunze kwenyika kwe16.5 trillion yuan, kuwedzera kwe4.6%, kutengeswa kwezvinhu kunze kwenyika kana kukura kwenhamba mbiri.
Sezvo kutengeserana kwekunze kwegore rino kwave nezviratidzo zvakakosha zvakakosha kutariswa. Chekutanga, kutengeserana kwekunze kwenyika nekutengeserana kunze kwenyika kwaive neanopfuura 60% yehuwandu hwese hwekutengeserana kwekunze, kusvika 63.8%, kuwedzera kwe2.2 muzana kubva panguva imwe chete gore rapfuura, kutengeserana kwakanaka kunoratidza kuti kutenderera kwemukati menyika kweChina senzira huru, yemukati neyepasi rose yekusimudzira maitiro matsva ekuvandudza kuri kutora chimiro.
Chechipiri, kutengeserana kwekugadzirisa kwawedzera kukura. Munguva yedenda iri, kutengeserana kwekugadzirisa kwave kuri kunonoka, kana kutowedzera zvisina kunaka, nepo mwedzi gumi nerimwe yekutanga yekutengeserana kwekugadzirisa kwave kupinza nekutumira kunze 7.74 trillion yuan, kuwedzera kwe1.3%, kuwedzera kudiki kwekukosha kukuru kwekukura kwekutengeserana kwekugadzirisa kuri shure kwenzvimbo yebhizinesi muChina kwave nani, nhamba huru yevanoisa mari vekunze kuti vadyare mari mubhizinesi, kugadzira zvakawanda.
Chechitatu, mwero wekukura kweChina munyika dziri mu "Belt and Road" wakakwira kupfuura mwero wekukura kwekutengeserana kwenyika dzekunze, uye hukama hwayo hwekutengeserana huri kuramba huchikura, mumwedzi gumi nerimwe yekutanga, mwero we12.54 trillion yuan weChina uri mu "Belt and Road", kuwedzera kwe20.4%, mwero wekukura kwegore negore we11.8 muzana wakakwira kupfuura mwero wekukura kwekutengeserana kwenyika dzekunze, uye, ndinotenda kuti kukura kucharamba kuchiwedzera.
Chechina, zvigadzirwa zvemakanika nemagetsi uye zvigadzirwa zvinoda vashandi kuti zvikure kaviri, tainetseka kuti, nekuda kwekukwira kwemitengo yezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa, kukwira kwemitengo yevashandi, pamwe chete neVietnam yakapoteredza, Malaysia haizotore chikamu chemusika nezvimwe zvikonzero, zvinhu zvinoda vashandi zvichadzikira, asi kubva padata raMbudzi rapfuura, zvinhu zvinoda vashandi zvakatengeswa kunze kwenyika zvakasvika 3.91 trillion yuan, kuwedzera kwe9.9%, zvigadzirwa zvemakanika nemagetsi uye zvinhu zvinoda vashandi. Mushure mekukura kaviri, zvinoratidza kuti tinoramba tichisimbisa shanduko nekusimudzira mabhizinesi ekutengeserana kunze kwenyika, pamwe nekushandurwa kwechimiro chechigadzirwa chemakambani ekutengeserana kunze kwenyika.
Pamusoro pezvo, mumwedzi gumi nerimwe yekutanga, ASEAN ichiri mubatsiri wedu mukuru wekutengeserana, nekuda kwekushandiswa kweRCEP, uye RCEP inotevera icharamba ichishanda.
Saka, kubva pamaonero egore rose, ndinofunga kuti kutengeserana kwekunze kwenyika nekutengeswa kwezvinhu kucharamba kuri budiriro ine hutano uye yakagadzikana, zvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvichiri kukura kaviri, zvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvichakurawo munguva pfupi iri kutevera.
"Mabhizinesi ekutengeserana kwekunze ndiwo anorayira mupunga, boka regungwa ndiro hunyanzvi munhoroondo yekutengeserana kwekunze"
Nhau dzeKushambira: Parizvino, hurumende dzemuno dzakawanda dziri kuronga mabhizinesi kuti atore mirairo, iwe unoiona sei danho iri rekuita?
Wei Jianguo: kune makambani ekutengeserana kunze kwenyika, odha ndiyo ndiro yemupunga, hapana maodha anogona kurarama. Hurumende yakaronga makambani ekutengeserana kunze kwenyika kuti aende kugungwa, zvinogona kunzi ndiyo hunyanzvi munhoroondo yekutengeserana kunze kwenyika. Ndakaona kuti hunyanzvi uhwu hausi muGuangdong, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Fujian, nezvimwewo chete, munzvimbo dzepakati nekumadokero, kusanganisira Hunan, Sichuan, nezvimwewo. hwakatangawo, icho chinhu chakanaka.
Pamusoro pezvinhu zvitsva, kufambira mberi kwekutora maodha kwakakosha zvikuru pakuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvemusangano weCentral Political Bureau musi wa6 Zvita wekuti "mapoka anofanira kuita, emunharaunda anofanira kuita, makambani anoda kuita, ruzhinji runotya kuita basa".
Boka rekutora maodha kunze kwenyika, chekutanga, rinoratidza kuti mushure meCongress yeNyika yechi20, makambani ekutengeserana kunze kwenyika ane chitarisiko chitsva, anoshinga kupinda kuti akunde nyika; chechipiri, maodha imakambani ekutengeserana kunze kwenyika, asi anoteverwa neketani yekugadzira, mabasa uye seti yakazara yemusika wemumba, saka maodha ekutora ndeekutora musika; chechitatu, makambani ekutengeserana kunze kwenyika anoratidzira kunze kwenyika, kune matambudziko mazhinji emakambani, hurumende yakaita basa rekuti "Rimwe ruoko", unogona kuona kuti hurumende inokurumidza, ine masevhisi ekubatsira makambani kugadzirisa matambudziko, kusanganisira ndege dzakabhadharwa, kudzivirira denda uye kunyange mari.
Kubva zvino kusvika muna Kubvumbi unotevera, Chivabvu, pasi rose richaitirwa kuratidzwa kwakasiyana-siyana mazana mashanu kana matanhatu, tinofanira kutora chikamu, kwete muGuangdong, Hong Kong neMacao chete, dunhu reYangtze River Delta kuti titore chikamu, matunhu epakati nekumadokero, dunhu rekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva rinofanirawo kutora chikamu, ikozvino ndiyo nguva yakanakisa yekutamba basa re "boka".
Denda remakore matatu harisi rekutengeserana kwekunze chete, hupfumi hwedu hwese nekuchinjana kwenyika, kutaurirana, kudhonza madoko hazvina kukwana, cheni yepasi rose yekupa zvinhu mumakore matatu apfuura yakaramba ichichinja, uye kugadzirisa uku kuri kusavapo kwemamwe mabhizinesi ekuChina, ikozvino panguva ino kuti tiite daro, nekukurumidza kupinda mucheni itsva yepasi rose yekupa zvinhu, cheni yemaindasitiri, tinofanira kuita basa rakanaka re "kuchinjana, kutaurirana, kudhonza madoko", tinofanira kubuda, kwete kungorwira maodha ekutumira kunze kwenyika, asiwo kukwezva mari yakawanda muChina.
"Mamiriro ezvinhu ekutengeserana kwekunze kwegore rinouya akaoma, asi zvakare munguva yakaoma zvikuru"
Nhau dzeKushambira: mamiriro ekutengeserana kwekunze kwegore rinouya angave akaita sei?
Wei Jianguo: mamiriro maviri, mamiriro ezvinhu gore rinouya akashata, makambani ekutengeserana kunze kwenyika emuno achiri kufanira kukunda kukanganisa kwakakonzerwa nedenda remuno, nguva inononoka yekudzorera, inova kiyi, chikamu chepasi rose, zvimwe zvekurwisa kudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi rose, kusanganisira kuchengetedzwa kwekutengeserana, unilateralism, nezvimwewo, zvichawedzera kukanganisa kutengeserana kwekunze kweChina, ndiyo dambudziko redu guru uye kukunda.
Kubva pakupera kwemakambani ekutengeserana kunze kwenyika gore rino kuti tione mamiriro acho ezvinhu, gore rinouya inguva yakasimba zvikuru. Kuti tirambe tichivhura nyika yekunze padanho repamusoro, makambani ekutengeserana kunze kwenyika kuti aenderere mberi nemweya wekuda kuita chivindi chekuda kupinda, uye kuedza kusvika gore rinouya, kudiwa kwekunze hakuna kukwana, uye kunyangwe kudiwa kwekunze kwenguva yakati kwakaoma zvikuru, kutengeserana kwekunze kuti kugadzirise matambudziko, kuchengetedza mamiriro aripo, kana kuti zviri nani kupfuura mamiriro egore rino, kukura kwekutengeserana kwekunze kwenhamba mbiri, kuchawedzerwa pasi pekuedza kwedu kwenguva yakati.
Nhau dzeMasafa: Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinokosha zvekutengeserana kwekunze kwegore rinouya zvakakodzera kutariswa?
Wei Jianguo: Chinhu chikuru ndechekuvandudza hunyanzvi hwechiChinese hwatinoda kushandisa. Kuvandudza hunyanzvi hwechiChina kunosimbisa hunyanzvi hwepamusoro hwenyika dzekunze. Gore rinouya, pachava nehurongwa hwakatevedzana uye matanho ekukurudzira hunyanzvi hwepamusoro hwenyika dzekunze, kusimudzira nharaunda yebhizinesi reChina, kuchengetedzwa kwepfuma yepfungwa, kunyanya mukugadzwa kwehurongwa hwemusika hwakavakirwa pamutemo, kushambadzira uye kutengeserana kwenyika dzese, zvichitora danho guru mberi, uye musika mukuru weChina uchakwezva mari isingaverengeki seyakashata. Mushure medenda, kugadzira zvinhu pasi rose, mari, tekinoroji uye matarenda zvichakurumidzisa kutamisirwa kuChina, tinofanira kunge takagadzirira, mapurovhinzi akagadzirira, mikana yakawanda yekutora.
Nhau dzeKushambira: Kudzikamisa kutengeserana kwekunze kuchaita basa rei mukusimudzira kukura? Gore rinouya, kutengeserana kwekunze kwakasimba kunofanira kubva pazvinhu zvipi zvekuedza?
Wei Jianguo: Mukushandiswa kwemari hakusati kwaenderera mberi, mhedzisiro yekudyara mari haisati yaonekwa, kutengeserana kwekunze kucharamba kuchiita basa guru. Kudzikamisa kutengeserana kwekunze, chinhu chikuru ndechekudzikamisa vanhu vari pamusika, kudzikamisa mutemo wekutengeserana kwekunze. Chekutanga, kuiswa kwehurongwa hwekutengeserana kwekunze kubva gore rino, hunosanganisira inishuwarenzi, chikwereti, tsika, kusanganisira mamwe maitiro ekusarudza e-commerce yekuyambuka miganhu, kunzwisisa sangano nekushandiswa; chechipiri, kugadzira boka guru, rakavhurika reruzivo, kudiwa kwenyika yese kwezvinhu zvipi, nzvimbo ipi ine kuratidzwa, nzvimbo ipi inoda vatengi zvipi, mazano api pazvigadzirwa zvedu, misika ipi ichiri kuda kuongororwa, kutengeserana kwekunze kuti kuitwe nekukurumidza sezvinobvira Chechitatu, kugadzwa kwe "flagship" senzira huru, imwe "frigate" yekuchengetedza "fleet" modhi, kureva, makambani makuru kuti atungamire, nemakambani madiki ari kumusoro uye pasi Linkage, kuumbwa kwenzira "imwe chete" yekuvandudza misika mitsva.
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Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-15-2022