Unyaka ka-2022 uza “kuvalwa”, loluphi uhlobo “lwephepha leempendulo zonyaka” oluza kuhanjiswa lurhwebo lwangaphandle lwaseTshayina?
Kwelinye icala, ixabiso lilonke lokungeniswa kunye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwiinyanga ezili-11 zokuqala zokukhula okuzinzileyo ngaxeshanye, izinga lokukhula korhwebo lwangaphandle inyanga nenyanga ukusuka ngoJulayi inyanga nenyanga liyehla; Kwelinye icala, ukuze kufumaneke ii-odolo ezingaphezulu, ukusuka kumaphondo oqoqosho asempuma ukuya kwimimandla ephakathi nentshona, oorhulumente abaninzi bahlele amashishini orhwebo lwangaphandle ukuba abhabhe kwamanye amazwe ukuze aphuhlise iimarike.
I-China Centre for International Economic Exchanges, uSekela Mongameli, owayesakuba nguSekela Mphathiswa wezoRhwebo, uWei Jianguo, uthe kudliwanondlebe olukhethekileyo nentatheli yeendaba ekhulayo, kulindeleke kulo nyaka wonke, urhwebo olupheleleyo lwaseTshayina olungeniswayo noluthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe luya kuhlala lusempilweni kwaye luzinzile, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kuya kufikelela ekukhuleni okuphindwe kabini.
Nangona kunjalo, uWei Jianguo ubonise ukuba ukwehla kwesantya sokukhula kwenyanga enye kusekwinqanaba elizinzileyo, kwaye ukwehla "kokwexeshana, kuyaqondakala", "uloyiko olungeyomfuneko, akunakutsho ukuba ukwehla kwesantya sokukhula kwenyanga enye kungqina ukuba ikamva lorhwebo lwangaphandle limfiliba, urhwebo lwangaphandle lulonke lusekwinqanaba lokusebenza elisempilweni nelizinzileyo."
Kwimeko yorhwebo yonyaka ozayo, uWei uthe imeko yonyaka ozayo imbi kakhulu, amashishini orhwebo lwangaphandle lwasekhaya kusafuneka oyise impembelelo ebangelwe yibhubhane yasekhaya, ixesha elilibazisekileyo lokuyibamba, eliyintloko. Ukwagxininise ukuba emva kobhubhane, ishishini lemveliso lehlabathi, imali, ubuchwepheshe kunye netalente ziya kukhawulezisa ukudluliselwa eTshayina, kufuneka silungiselele, okukhona amaphondo elungiselela, kokukhona amathuba amaninzi okubamba.
Xa kufikwa kwisenzo sangoku samaqela amaninzi asekuhlaleni sokubamba imiyalelo, uWei uchaze oku “njengokutsha kwimbali yorhwebo lwangaphandle”, kwangaxeshanye, kukuphunyezwa kwentlanganiso yeCentral Political Bureau kaDisemba 6 ecetyisiweyo “amaqela anesibindi sokwenza, asekuhlaleni anesibindi sokugqobhoza, amashishini anesibindi sokwenza, abantu abaninzi banesibindi sokuba ngoovulindlela”. Ukongeza, uWei ucebise ukuba iindawo ezininzi maziphume ngenkuthalo zithathe inyathelo, “njengasempuma-mpuma, ngoku kufuneka kuthiwe zidlala indima ‘yeqela’ ngexesha elifanelekileyo.”
"Ukwehla kwezinga lokukhula yinto yexeshana, ukungeniswa nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngonyaka kuya kuba luphuhliso olusempilweni noluzinzileyo"
Iindaba zokuSefa: Idatha ekhutshwe yi-General Administration of Customs ibonisa ukuba ngenyanga kaNovemba, ixabiso lilonke lezinto ezithunyelwayo kunye nezithunyelwa ngaphandle zaseTshayina ze-3.7 trillion yuan, ukunyuka kwe-0.1% unyaka nonyaka, izinga lokukhula kwenyanga enye liyaqhubeka nokuhla, ungalujonga njani olu tshintsho?
Wei Jianguo: Isizathu sokwehla kokukhula korhwebo lwangaphandle kwinyanga enye, esinye kukusasazwa kwamanqaku amaninzi kobhubhane lwasekhaya kunye nezinye iileya zokuthintela nokulawula ubhubhane lwasekhaya, okubangele ukuba ezinye iindawo zithintele ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, okwesibini kukunyuka kwenqanaba lenzala kwiFederal Reserve okukhokelele ekunyukeni kwamaxabiso aphezulu kwamanye amazwe, amandla okuthenga abathengi achaphazeleke ngandlela thile, kwangaxeshanye, ukwehla kwemfuno yabathengi bamanye amazwe, okubangele ukuba kubekho ukusilela kwezinto ezigciniweyo, nto leyo echaphazela ii-odolo ezilandelayo zomthengi, okwesithathu yingxabano yaseRashiya neUkraine, emva kokuba amaxabiso e-Energy enyuke, iindleko zokuthutha zinyuke, kwaye ezinye iifektri eYurophu zivaliwe, kangangokuba ukususela ngoko, bekukho ukuncipha kwemfuno yeempahla zabathengi ezivelisayo neziphilayo eTshayina.
Nangona kunjalo, ukwehla korhwebo lwangaphandle kwinyanga enye kusekwinqanaba elizinzileyo, ukwehla kokwexeshana kwaye kuyaqondakala, ngokwembono iyonke, urhwebo lwangaphandle lusekwinqanaba lokusebenza elisempilweni nelizinzileyo, akunakutsho ukuba ukwehla kwesantya sokukhula kwinyanga enye kungqina ukuba ikamva lorhwebo lwangaphandle limfiliba.
Iindaba zokusefa: kwiinyanga ezili-11 zokuqala zalo nyaka, urhwebo lwangaphandle lwaseTshayina lunento ekufanele iqwalaselwe?
Wei Jianguo: Kwiinyanga ezili-11 zokuqala, ixabiso lilonke lokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle kweTshayina liyi-38.34 trillion yuan, ukonyuka kwe-8.6% kwixesha elifanayo kunyaka ophelileyo, apho, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwe-21.84 trillion yuan, ukonyuka kwe-11.9%, ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe kwe-16.5 trillion yuan, ukonyuka kwe-4.6%, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe okanye ukukhula okuphindwe kabini.
Ekubeni ukusebenza korhwebo lwangaphandle kulo nyaka kuneempawu ezibalulekileyo ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Okokuqala, ukuthengiswa kwezorhwebo ngokubanzi kunye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kube ngaphezulu kwama-60% exabiso lilonke lorhwebo lwangaphandle, lufikelela kuma-63.8%, ukunyuka kwama-2.2 ekhulwini kwangexesha elifanayo kunyaka ophelileyo, ukusebenza kakuhle korhwebo ngokubanzi kubonisa ukuba umjikelo wasekhaya waseTshayina njengomjikelo ophambili, wasekhaya nowamazwe ngamazwe wokukhuthazwa kwepateni entsha yophuhliso uyaqhubeka.
Okwesibini, urhwebo lokucubungula lukhule kancinci. Ngexesha lobhubhane, urhwebo lokucubungula belukhula kancinci, okanye lukhule kakubi, ngelixa iinyanga zokuqala ezili-11 zorhwebo lokucubungula ukungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle i-7.74 trillion yuan, ukwanda kwe-1.3%, ukwanda okuncinci kokubaluleka okukhulu kokukhula korhwebo lokucubungula kusemva kwemeko yoshishino eTshayina ibe ngcono, inani elikhulu labatyali-mali bamanye amazwe batyala imali kwishishini, imveliso ingaphezulu.
Okwesithathu, izinga lokukhula kweTshayina kumazwe akwi-“Belt and Road” liphezulu kunezinga lokukhula kwezorhwebo langaphandle lelizwe, kunye nobudlelwane bayo obusondeleyo, kwiinyanga ezili-11 zokuqala, ukungeniswa kweTshayina kumazwe akwi-“Belt and Road” okudibeneyo kwe-12.54 trillion yuan, ukwanda kwe-20.4%, izinga lokukhula konyaka nonyaka leepesenti ezili-11.8 liphezulu kunezinga lokukhula kwezorhwebo langaphandle lelizwe, kwaye, ndikholelwa ukuba ukukhula kuya kuqhubeka kusanda.
Okwesine, iimveliso zoomatshini nezombane kunye neemveliso ezifuna abasebenzi abaninzi ukuze kuphunyezwe ukukhula okuphindwe kabini, besixhalabile kukuba, ngenxa yokunyuka kwamaxabiso ezinto eziluhlaza, ukunyuka kweendleko zabasebenzi, kunye neVietnam ejikelezileyo, iMalaysia ayizukususa isabelo semarike kunye nezinye izizathu, ukuthunyelwa kweemveliso ezifuna abasebenzi abaninzi kuya kuncipha, kodwa kwidatha yangaphambili kaNovemba, ukuthunyelwa kweemveliso ezifuna abasebenzi abaninzi kufikelele kwi-3.91 trillion yuan, ukunyuka kwe-9.9%, iimveliso zoomatshini nezombane kunye neemveliso ezifuna abasebenzi abaninzi Emva kokukhula okuphindwe kabini, kubonisa ukuba siyaqhubeka nokuqinisa utshintsho kunye nokuphucula amashishini orhwebo lwangaphandle, kunye nokuguqulwa kwesakhiwo semveliso yamashishini orhwebo lwangaphandle.
Ukongeza, kwiinyanga ezili-11 zokuqala, i-ASEAN isengumlingani wethu omkhulu worhwebo, apha ngenxa yokuphunyezwa kwe-RCEP, kwaye i-RCEP elandelayo iya kuqhubeka nokusebenza.
Ngoko ke, ngokwembono iyonke yonyaka wonke, ndicinga ukuba urhwebo lokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle luya kuba luphuhliso olusempilweni noluzinzileyo, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kuya kuhlala kukukhula okuphindwe kabini, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe nako kuya kukhula kungekudala.
"Iiodolo zamashishini orhwebo lwangaphandle zisitya serayisi, iqela eliya elwandle liyintsha kwimbali yorhwebo lwangaphandle"
Iindaba zokuSefa: Okwangoku, uninzi loorhulumente basekuhlaleni baququzelela amashishini ukuba athathe ii-odolo, wena usijonga njani esi siganeko?
Wei Jianguo: kumashishini orhwebo lwangaphandle, umyalelo yisitya serayisi, akukho miyalelo ayinakusinda. Urhulumente wahlela amashishini orhwebo lwangaphandle ukuba aye elwandle, kunokuthiwa yintsha kwimbali yorhwebo lwangaphandle. Ndiqaphele ukuba le ntsha ayipheleli nje kuphela kunxweme lwaseGuangdong, eZhejiang, eJiangsu, eFujian, njl., kwimimandla esembindini nasentshona, kuquka iHunan, eSichuan, njl. nayo yaqala, nto leyo ilungileyo.
Ukongeza kwimibono emitsha, ulwandle lokufumana iiodolo lubaluleke ngakumbi ekuphumezeni intlanganiso kaDisemba 6 yeCentral Political Bureau ethi “amaqela ezopolitiko anesibindi sokwenza, asekuhlaleni anesibindi sokugqobhoza, amashishini anesibindi sokwenza, uluntu lunesibindi sokuba ngoovulindlela”.
Iqela eliza kuthatha ii-odolo kwamanye amazwe, okokuqala, libonisa ukuba emva kweNgqungquthela yeSizwe yama-20, amashishini orhwebo lwangaphandle anenkangeleko entsha, anobuganga bokugqobhoza ukuze aphumelele ihlabathi; okwesibini, ii-odolo ngamashishini orhwebo lwangaphandle, kodwa kulandelwa luchungechunge lwemveliso, ingqesho kunye neseti epheleleyo yemarike yasekhaya, ngoko ke ii-odolo zokubamba kukuthatha imakethi; okwesithathu, amashishini orhwebo lwangaphandle aza kubonisa kwamanye amazwe, kukho iingxaki ezininzi zamashishini, urhulumente udlale indima "elinye isandla", ungabona ukuba urhulumente ukhawuleza, iinkonzo zikhona ukunceda amashishini ukusombulula ubunzima, kubandakanya iinqwelomoya eziqeshiweyo, ukuthintela ubhubhane kunye nemali.
Ukususela ngoku ukuya kutsho ku-Epreli olandelayo, ngoMeyi, ihlabathi liza kubanjwa imiboniso eyahlukeneyo engamakhulu amahlanu okanye amathandathu, kufuneka sithathe inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo, kungekuphela nje eGuangdong, eHong Kong naseMacao, kummandla weYangtze River Delta ukuze sithathe inxaxheba, imimandla esembindini nasentshona, ummandla osempuma-mpuma nawo kufuneka athathe inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo, ngoku lixesha elifanelekileyo lokudlala indima "yeqela".
Ubhubhane weminyaka emithathu awupheleli nje kurhwebo lwangaphandle, uqoqosho lwethu luphela ngokutshintshiselana kwehlabathi, unxibelelwano, ukumisa iinqanawa akwanelanga, uthungelwano lwehlabathi kwiminyaka emithathu edlulileyo luqhubekile nokulungelelanisa, kwaye olu hlengahlengiso lukho xa kungekho mashishini aseTshayina, ngoku ngeli xesha ukuze silungise umgama, ngokukhawuleza singene kwithungelwano elitsha lehlabathi, uthungelwano lwemizi-mveliso, kufuneka senze umsebenzi olungileyo "wokutshintshiselana, unxibelelwano, ukumisa iinqanawa", kufuneka siphume, kungekuphela nje ukulwela ii-odolo zokuthumela ngaphandle, kodwa nokutsala utyalo-mali olungakumbi eTshayina.
"Imeko yorhwebo lwangaphandle lonyaka ozayo inzima, kodwa ikwalixesha elinzima ngakumbi"
Iindaba zokusefa: ithini ingqikelelo yemeko yorhwebo lwangaphandle kunyaka ozayo?
Wei Jianguo: iimeko ezimbini, imeko kunyaka ozayo imbi kakhulu, amashishini orhwebo lwangaphandle lwasekhaya kusafuneka oyise impembelelo ebangelwe yibhubhane yasekhaya, ixesha elilibazisekileyo lokuzibamba, elililo eliphambili, icala lamazwe ngamazwe, ezinye zezinto ezichasene nehlabathi, kubandakanya ukukhuselwa korhwebo, ukuzimela kwelinye ilizwe, njl.njl., ziya kuba nefuthe ngakumbi kurhwebo lwangaphandle lwaseTshayina, nayo yeyona nto inzima kakhulu ekufuneka siyinqobe.
Ukususela ekupheleni kwamashishini orhwebo lwangaphandle kulo nyaka ukuze sibone imeko, unyaka ozayo lixesha elinamandla ngakumbi. Ukuvulekela ngakumbi kwihlabathi langaphandle kwinqanaba eliphezulu, amashishini orhwebo lwangaphandle ukuba aqhubele phambili umoya wokuba nesibindi sokwenza isibindi sokugqobhoza, kwaye azame ukuya kunyaka olandelayo, imfuno yangaphandle ayanelanga, kwaye nemfuno yangaphandle ixesha elithile inzima kakhulu, urhwebo lwangaphandle ukuba luphephe ubunzima, ukugcina imeko yangoku, okanye ingcono nangakumbi kunemeko yalo nyaka, ukukhula okuphindwe kabini kurhwebo lwangaphandle, kuya kwandiswa phantsi kwemizamo yethu ixesha elithile.
Iindaba zeSurf: Zeziphi izinto ezibalulekileyo kurhwebo lwangaphandle lonyaka ozayo ezifanele ukuqwalaselwa?
Wei Jianguo: Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuhlaziywa kwesitayile saseTshayina esifuna ukusisebenzisa. Ukuhlaziywa kwesitayile saseTshayina kugxininisa kwinqanaba eliphezulu lokuvuleleka kwihlabathi langaphandle. Kunyaka olandelayo, kuya kubakho uthotho lwemigaqo-nkqubo kunye namanyathelo okukhuthaza izinga eliphezulu lokuvuleleka kwihlabathi langaphandle, ukukhuthaza imeko-bume yeshishini laseTshayina, ukukhuselwa kwepropathi yengqondo, ngakumbi ekusekweni kwenkqubo yemarike esekelwe ekumiselweni ngokusemthethweni, ukuthengiswa kunye nokuthengiswa kwamanye amazwe, ukuthatha inyathelo elikhulu phambili, kwaye imakethi enkulu yaseTshayina iya kutsala utyalo-mali oluninzi njenge-sucker. Emva kobhubhane, imveliso yehlabathi, imali, ubuchwepheshe kunye neetalente ziya kukhawulezisa ukudluliselwa eTshayina, kufuneka silungele, amaphondo alungele ngakumbi, kokukhona amathuba amaninzi okubamba.
Iindaba zokusefa: Yeyiphi indima eza kudlala ukuzinzisa urhwebo lwangaphandle ekuzinziseni ukukhula? Kunyaka ozayo, urhwebo lwangaphandle oluzinzileyo kufuneka lusekelwe kweziphi iinkalo ekufuneka kwenziwe imizamo kuzo?
UWei Jianguo: Ukusetyenziswa akukaqhubeki, isiphumo sotyalo-mali asikabonakali, urhwebo lwangaphandle luya kuqhubeka nokudlala indima enkulu. Uzinzisa urhwebo lwangaphandle, into ephambili kukuzinzisa izifundo zemarike, ukuzinzisa umgaqo-nkqubo worhwebo lwangaphandle. Okokuqala, ukuphunyezwa koluhlu lwemigaqo-nkqubo yorhwebo lwangaphandle kulo nyaka, equka i-inshurensi, ityala, amasiko, kuquka imigaqo-nkqubo ethile ekhethekileyo yorhwebo lwe-e-commerce oluwela imida, ukuqonda umbutho kunye nokuphunyezwa; okwesibini, ukuseka iqela elikhulu, elivulekileyo lonxibelelwano lolwazi, imfuno yehlabathi yezinto, indawo enomboniso, indawo efuna abathengi, ingcebiso malunga neemveliso zethu, iimarike ezisafuna ukuphononongwa, urhwebo lwangaphandle olufanele luqondwe ngokukhawuleza. Okwesithathu, ukusekwa "kweflegi" njengeyona nto iphambili, enye indlela "yokugcina" imodeli "yeenqwelo-moya", oko kukuthi, amashishini amakhulu akhokelayo, kunye namashishini amancinci asezantsi nasezantsi. Uqhagamshelwano, ukwakhiwa kwendlela "yokumisa enye" yokuphuhlisa iimarike ezintsha.
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Ixesha lokuthumela: Disemba-15-2022