"Umyalelo sisitya serayisi, iqela ukuya elwandle yinto entsha kwimbali yorhwebo lwangaphandle"

I-2022 sele iza “kuvala”, luhlobo luni “lwephepha leempendulo zonyaka” oluya kuhanjiswa lurhwebo lwangaphandle lwaseTshayina?

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ixabiso elipheleleyo lokungeniswa kunye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwiinyanga zokuqala ze-11 zokukhula okuzinzileyo ngexesha elifanayo, urhwebo lwangaphandle lwenyanga-ngenyanga izinga lokukhula kwenyanga ukusuka ngoJulayi inyanga nenyanga yehla; Kwelinye icala, ukuze kuthathwe imiyalelo engakumbi, ukusuka kumaphondo oqoqosho onxweme olusempuma ukuya kwimimandla esembindini nasentshona, oorhulumente abaninzi baye baququzelela amashishini orhwebo angaphandle ukuba abhabhe kumazwe angaphandle ukuphuhlisa iimarike.

China Centre for International Economic Exchanges uSekela Mongameli, owayesakuba nguSekela Mphathiswa wezoRhwebo u-Wei Jianguo uthe kudliwano-ndlebe olukhethekileyo kunye nentatheli yeendaba enyukayo, kulindeleke kulo nyaka wonke, ukungeniswa kwezorhwebo kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle kweChina kuya kuhlala kusempilweni kwaye kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kusaza kufezekisa. ukukhula ngamadijithi amabini.

Nangona kunjalo, u-Wei Jianguo ubonise ukuba ukuhla kwezinga lokukhula kwenyanga enye kusekho kwinqanaba elizinzile, kwaye ukwehla "kokwexeshana, kuyaqondakala", "uloyiko olungeyomfuneko, alunakutsho ukuba ukwehla kwezinga lokukhula kwe kwinyanga enye ukubonisa ukuba ikamva lorhwebo lwangaphandle limfiliba, urhwebo lwangaphandle ngokubanzi lusekuluhlu oluphilileyo noluzinzileyo lokusebenza. ”

Kuba imeko yorhwebo kunyaka ozayo, Wei wathi imeko kunyaka ozayo inzulu, amashishini zorhwebo lwangaphandle lwasekhaya kusafuneka boyise impembelelo ebangelwa ubhubhane lwasekhaya, ixesha elilibazisekayo ukubamba umva, nto leyo engundoqo. Kwakhona wagxininisa ukuba emva kobhubhane, imboni yemveliso yehlabathi, inkunzi, iteknoloji kunye neetalente ziya kukhawulezisa ukudluliselwa e-China, kufuneka silungiselele, xa silungiselela amaphondo, amathuba amaninzi okubamba.

Xa kufikwa kwisenzo sangoku samaqela amaninzi asekuhlaleni ukubamba imiyalelo, u-Wei wayichaza ngokuthi "ubuchule obutsha kwimbali yorhwebo lwangaphandle", kwangaxeshanye, kukuphunyezwa kwentlanganiso kaDisemba ye-6 Central Political Bureau ecetywayo "amagosa anesibindi. ukwenza, ubuganga basekuhlaleni bokutyhutyha, amashishini anobuganga bokwenza, izihlwele zinobuganga bobuvulindlela” iimfuno. Ukongezelela, uWei wacebisa ukuba iindawo ezingakumbi zifanele zithabathe inyathelo lokuqala, “ezifana nomntla-mpuma, ngoku kufanele kuthiwe zidlala indima ‘yeqela’ ngelona xesha lifanelekileyo.”

"Ukuhla kwezinga lokukhula kokwexeshana, ukungeniswa kwezorhwebo ngonyaka kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle kuya kuba nempilo kwaye kuphuhliso oluzinzile"

I-Surfing News: Idatha ekhutshwe yi-General Administration of Customs ibonisa ukuba ngenyanga kaNovemba, ixabiso lilonke lokungeniswa kwe-China kunye nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwe-3.7 yetriliyoni ye-yuan, ukunyuka kwe-0.1% ngonyaka, izinga lokukhula kwelinye. inyanga iyaqhubeka ukuhla, njani ukujonga olu tshintsho?

I-Wei Jianguo: Isizathu sokuhla kokukhula korhwebo lwangaphandle kwinyanga enye, enye yi-multi-point distribution of the bhubhane yasekhaya kunye nokuthintela ubhubhane wendawo kunye neengqimba zokulawula, okukhokelela kwezinye iindawo zokuthintelwa kwamanye amazwe, okwesibini yi-Federal Reserve. ukunyuka kwezinga lenzala kukhokhelele ekwenyukeni okuphezulu kwamaxabiso kwamanye amazwe ezoqoqosho, amandla okuthenga abathengi aye achaphazeleka ukusa kumkhamo othile, kwangaxeshanye, ukwehla kwemfuno yabathengi bangaphandle, okukhokelele kukusilela koluhlu lwempahla olugciniweyo, nto leyo echaphazela iiodolo ezilandelayo zomthengi, okwesithathu kukungquzulana kweRussia-Ukrainian, emva kokuba amaxabiso e-Energy enyuka, iindleko zempahla zenyuka, kwaye ezinye iifektri zaseYurophu zavalwa, ukuze ukususela ngoko, kuye kwakho ukuncitshiswa kwemfuno yezinto ezivelisayo neziphilayo zabathengi e-China.

Nangona kunjalo, ukwehla korhwebo lwangaphandle kwinyanga enye kusengaphakathi kuluhlu oluzinzileyo, ukuhla okwethutyana kwaye kuyaqondakala, ngokwembono jikelele, urhwebo lwangaphandle lusekuluhlu lokusebenza oluphilileyo noluzinzileyo, alikwazi ukuthetha ukuba ukuhla kokukhula. izinga kwinyanga enye ukubonisa ukuba ikamva lorhwebo lwangaphandle limfiliba.

Iindaba zokusefa: kwiinyanga ezili-11 zokuqala zalo nyaka, urhwebo lwangaphandle lwaseTshayina lunento efanele ukuqwalaselwa ukusebenza?

U-Wei Jianguo: Kwiinyanga ezili-11 zokuqala, ixabiso elipheleleyo le-38.34 ye-38.34 yezigidigidi ze-yuan yokungenisa kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle kwe-China, ukunyuka kwe-8.6% ngexesha elifanayo kunyaka ophelileyo, apho, ukuthunyelwa kwe-21.84 yetriliyoni ye-yuan, ukwanda kwe-11.9%, ukuthengiswa kwe-16.5. iitriliyoni zeeyuan, ukwanda kwe-4.6%, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe okanye ukukhula okuphindwe kabini.

Ekubeni ukusebenza korhwebo lwangaphandle kulo nyaka kunemiqondiso emininzi ebalulekileyo efanele ukuqwalaselwa. Okokuqala, ukungeniswa kwezorhwebo jikelele kunye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kubalelwa ngaphezu kwe-60% yexabiso lilonke lorhwebo lwangaphandle, lifikelela kwi-63,8%, ukwanda kweepesenti ze-2.2 ngexesha elifanayo kunyaka ophelileyo, ukusebenza kakuhle korhwebo jikelele kubonisa ukuba umjikelo wasekhaya waseTshayina njengoko umjikelo oyintloko, wasekhaya nowamazwe ngamazwe wokukhuthazwa okufanayo kwepateni yophuhliso entsha uyakhula.

Okwesibini, urhwebo lokucubungula lufumene ukukhula okuthile. Ngexesha ubhubhane, urhwebo processing iye buvila, okanye nkqu ukukhula kakubi, lo gama iinyanga ezili-11 zokuqala processing urhwebo ukungenisa kunye nokuthunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle 7.74 yezigidi zezigidi yuan, ukwanda 1.3%, ukwanda okuncinci ngokubaluleka okukhulu ukusetyenzwa ukukhula urhwebo emva indawo yoshishino e China iye yaba ngcono, inani elikhulu abatyali-mali bangaphandle ukuba batyale kushishino, imveliso kwi ngaphezulu.

Okwesithathu, izinga lokukhula kwelizwe laseTshayina elidityanisiweyo lokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle kumazwe asecaleni kwe “Belt and Road” liphezulu kunenqanaba lokukhula lilonke lorhwebo lwangaphandle lwelizwe, kunye nobudlelwane bayo obusondeleleneyo borhwebo, kwiinyanga ezili-11 zokuqala, ukungeniswa kweTshayina nokuthumela kumazwe angaphandle. ecaleni "Belt and Road" yuan 12.54 yetriliyoni, ukwanda 20.4%, unyaka-on-nyaka ukukhula ipesenti 11,8 amanqaku aphezulu ngaphezu kwezinga lokukhula ngokubanzi yorhwebo lwesizwe lwangaphandle, kwaye, ndiyakholwa ukuba ukukhula ukukhula kuya kuqhubeka Nyusa.

Okwesine, iimveliso zoomatshini kunye neemveliso zombane kunye neemveliso ezisebenza ngamandla ukufezekisa ukukhula okuphindwe kabini, sasinexhala lokuba, ngenxa yokunyuka kwamaxabiso ezinto eziphathekayo, ukunyuka kweendleko zabasebenzi, kunye neVietnam ejikelezileyo, iMalaysia ayiyi kuthatha isabelo semarike kunye nezinye izizathu, abasebenzi. Iimveliso ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ziya kuncipha, kodwa ukusuka kwidatha yangaphambili kaNovemba, ukuthunyelwa kwemveliso yabasebenzi kakhulu kuye kwafikelela kwi-3.91 yetriliyoni ye-yuan, ukwanda kwe-9.9%, iimveliso zomatshini kunye nombane kunye neemveliso ezithunyelwa ngaphandle emva kokukhula kabini, kubonisa ukuba siqhubeleka nokomeleza iinguqu kunye nokuphuculwa kwamashishini orhwebo angaphandle, kunye nokuguqulwa kobume bemveliso yamashishini orhwebo angaphandle.

Ukongeza, iinyanga ze-11 zokuqala, i-ASEAN isengumlingane wethu omkhulu wokurhweba, apha ngenxa yokuphunyezwa kwe-RCEP, kwaye i-RCEP elandelayo iya kuqhubeka inamandla.

Ngoko ke, kumbono opheleleyo wonyaka wonke, ndicinga ukuba ukungeniswa kwezorhwebo kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle kuya kuba nempilo kunye nophuhliso oluzinzile, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kuya kusakhula ngokuphindwe kabini, ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe kuya kukhula kungekudala.

"Ii-odolo zamashishini orhwebo lwangaphandle sisitya serayisi, iqela ukuya elwandle yinto entsha kwimbali yorhwebo lwangaphandle"
I-Surfing News: Ngoku, oorhulumente basekuhlaleni abaninzi baququzelela amashishini ukuze bahluthe iiodolo, uwujonga njani lo mjikelo wokusebenza?

I-Wei Jianguo: kumashishini orhwebo angaphandle, umyalelo yisitya serayisi, akukho miyalelo ayinakuphila. Urhulumente uququzelele amashishini orhwebo angaphandle ukuba aye elwandle, kunokuthiwa yinto entsha kwimbali yorhwebo lwangaphandle. Ndaqaphela ukuba olu lutsha alukho kuphela kwi-Guangdong yonxweme, iZhejiang, iJiangsu, iFujian, njl., kwimimandla ephakathi nasentshona, kuquka iHunan, iSichuan, njl njl.

Ukongeza kwizinto ezintsha, ulwandle ukubamba ii-odolo kubaluleke ngakumbi ukuphumeza intlanganiso kaDisemba 6 yeCentral Political Bureau "amaqela anobuganga bokwenza, ubuganga basekhaya bokutyhoboza, amashishini anobuganga bokwenza, abantu abaninzi banobuganga bobuvulindlela" iimfuno.

Iqela libambe odolo kumazwe angaphandle, okokuqala, libonisa ukuba emva kweNkongolo yeSizwe yama-20, amashishini orhwebo lwangaphandle anenkangeleko entsha, anobuganga bokugqobhoza ukuphumelela ihlabathi; okwesibini, ii-odolo ngamashishini orhwebo angaphandle, kodwa kulandelwa yityathanga lemveliso, ingqesho kunye neseti epheleleyo yemarike yasekhaya, ngoko ke ii-odolo zokubamba kukubamba imarike; okwesithathu, amashishini orhwebo angaphandle ukubonisa kumazwe angaphandle, kukho amashishini ezininzi inkathazo, urhulumente wadlala indima ”Esinye isandla”, ungabona ukuba urhulumente ngokukhawuleza, iinkonzo endaweni ukunceda amashishini ukusombulula iingxaki, kuquka inqwelomoya chartered, ubhubhane. uthintelo kunye nenkunzi.

Ukususela ngoku ukuya kuTshazimpuzi ozayo, ngoMeyi, ihlabathi liya kubanjwa imiboniso engamakhulu amahlanu okanye amathandathu ahlukeneyo, kufuneka sithathe inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo, kungekhona kuphela eGuangdong, eHong Kong naseMacao, kwingingqi yaseYangtze River Delta ukuthatha inxaxheba, imimandla esembindi nasentshona, ummandla osemntla-mpuma nawo kufuneka uthathe inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo, ngoku lelona xesha lilungileyo lokudlala indima “yeqela”.

Ubhubhani weminyaka emithathu ayilulo urhwebo lwangaphandle kuphela, uqoqosho lwethu lulonke kunye notshintshiselwano lwehlabathi, unxibelelwano, i-docking akwanelanga, ikhonkco lokubonelela ngehlabathi kwiminyaka emithathu edlulileyo liqhubekile nohlengahlengiso, kwaye olu hlengahlengiso lukungabikho kwamanye amashishini aseTshayina. , ngoku ngeli xesha ukwenza umgama, ngokukhawuleza kwikhonkco elitsha lokubonelela ngehlabathi, i-industrial chain, kufuneka senze umsebenzi omhle "wotshintshiselwano, unxibelelwano, ukudibanisa ", kufuneka siphume, kungekhona nje ukulwa nemiyalelo yokuthumela ngaphandle, kodwa nokutsala utyalo-mali olungakumbi e-China.

“Imeko yorhwebo lwangaphandle kulo nyaka uzayo imbi kakhulu, kodwa ikwalixesha elinamandla”

Iindaba zeSurfing: luthini uqikelelo lwemeko yorhwebo lwangaphandle kunyaka ozayo?

Wei Jianguo: iimeko ezimbini, imeko kunyaka ozayo imbi, amashishini zorhwebo lwangaphandle lwasekhaya kusafuneka boyise impembelelo ebangelwa ngubhubhani wasekhaya, ixesha lokulibaziseka lokubamba umva, eyona nto iphambili, inkalo yamazwe ngamazwe, ezinye ze-counter- umanyano lwamazwe ngamazwe, kubandakanywa ukukhuselwa korhwebo, ukungakhethi cala, njl.njl., kuya kuba nefuthe elingaphezulu kurhwebo lwaseTshayina lwangaphandle, nalo lolona bunzima bethu lukhulu kunye nokoyisa.

Ukususela esiphelweni salo nyaka amashishini orhwebo lwangaphandle ukubona imeko, unyaka ozayo lixesha elinamandla. Ukuqhubela phambili uvule kwihlabathi langaphandle kwinqanaba eliphezulu, amashishini orhwebo lwangaphandle ukuba aqhubele phambili umoya wobuganga bokwenza ubuganga bokutyhoboza, kwaye azame ukuya kunyaka ozayo, imfuno yangaphandle akwanelanga, kwaye nkqu imfuno yangaphandle kangangexesha elithile ixesha linzima kakhulu, urhwebo lwangaphandle ukuba tide phezu kobunzima, ukugcina yangoku, okanye ngcono kunalo le meko yalo nyaka, ukukhula kabini-digit kurhwebo lwangaphandle, iya kwandiswa phantsi kwemigudu yethu ixesha elithile.

Iindaba zeSurf: Ngawaphi amagqabantshintshi orhwebo lwangaphandle kunyaka ozayo ezifanele ukuqwalaselwa?

I-Wei Jianguo: Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kuphuculo lwesiTshayina esifuna ukuluphumeza. I-China-style yesimanje igxininisa inqanaba eliphezulu lokuvuleleka kwihlabathi langaphandle. Kunyaka ozayo, kuya kubakho uluhlu lwemigaqo-nkqubo kunye nemilinganiselo yokukhuthaza inqanaba eliphezulu lokuvuleleka kwihlabathi langaphandle, ukukhuthaza indawo yoshishino yaseChina, ukukhuselwa kwepropathi yengqondo, ngakumbi ekusekweni kwenkqubo yemarike esekelwe kumthetho, ukuthengiswa kunye nokuthengiswa kwamanye amazwe, ukuthatha. inyathelo elikhulu eliya phambili, kwaye imarike enkulu yaseTshayina iya kutsala utyalo-mali oluninzi njenge-sucker. Emva kobhubhane, ukuveliswa kwehlabathi, inkunzi, iteknoloji kunye neetalente ziya kukhawulezisa ukudluliselwa e-China, kufuneka silungele, amaphondo alungiselelwe ngakumbi, amathuba amaninzi okubamba.

Iindaba zeSurfing: Yeyiphi indima eza kudlala uzinzo kurhwebo lwangaphandle ekuzinziseni ukukhula? Kunyaka ozayo, urhwebo lwangaphandle oluzinzileyo kufuneka luvela kweziphi iinkalo zokwenza iinzame?

U-Wei Jianguo: Ekusetyenzisweni akuzange kugcinwe, umphumo wotyalo-mali awukabonakali, urhwebo lwangaphandle luya kuqhubeka ludlala indima enkulu. Ukuzinzisa urhwebo lwangaphandle, into ephambili kukuzinzisa izifundo zemarike, uzinzise umgaqo-nkqubo worhwebo lwangaphandle. Okokuqala, ukuphunyezwa koluhlu lwemigaqo-nkqubo yorhwebo lwangaphandle ukusuka kulo nyaka, ebandakanya i-inshurensi, i-credit, izithethe, kubandakanywa nemigaqo-nkqubo ekhethiweyo ye-e-commerce ewela umda, ukubamba umbutho kunye nokuphunyezwa; okwesibini, ukuseka iqela elikhulu, elivulelekileyo womnatha wolwazi, imfuno yehlabathi yeziphi izinto, yeyiphi indawo enomboniso, yeyiphi indawo efuna oko abathengi, yintoni ingcebiso kwiimveliso zethu, iimalike ezisafuna ukuphononongwa, urhwebo lwangaphandle ukubamba njengoko Ngokukhawuleza okunokwenzeka Okwesithathu, ukusekwa kwe “flagship” njengeyona nto iphambili, enye “ifrigate” yogcino lwemodeli “yenqanawa”, oko kukuthi, amashishini amakhulu azakukhokela, kunye namashishini amancinane anyuka nemilambo yonxulumaniso, ukusekwa konxibelelwano. Indlela “yokumisa enye” yokuphuhlisa iimarike ezintsha.

Iguqulelwe nge-www.DeepL.com/Translator (uguqulelo lwasimahla)