"I-oda yisitsha serayisi, iqembu eliya olwandle liyintsha emlandweni wohwebo lwangaphandle"

Unyaka ka-2022 usuzo “vala”, hlobo luni “lwephepha lokuphendula lonyaka” elizolethwa uhwebo lwangaphandle lwaseChina?

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inani eliphelele lokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe kanye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ezinyangeni zokuqala eziyi-11 zokukhula okuqhubekayo ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinga lokukhula kwenyanga nenyanga yohwebo lwangaphandle kusukela kuJulayi inyanga nenyanga yehla; Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuze kuthathwe ama-oda amaningi, kusukela ezifundazweni zomnotho zasogwini olusempumalanga kuya esifundeni esimaphakathi nesentshonalanga, ohulumeni abaningi bahlele amabhizinisi ohwebo lwangaphandle ukuba andizele phesheya ukuze bathuthukise izimakethe.

I-China Centre for International Economic Exchanges IPhini likaMongameli, owayeyiPhini LikaNgqongqoshe Wezohwebo u-Wei Jianguo uthe engxoxweni ekhethekile nentatheli yezindaba esanda kukhula, kulindeleke kulo nyaka wonke, ukungenisa nokuthekelisa kweChina jikelele kuzoqhubeka nokuthuthuka okunempilo nokuzinzile, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kusazofezwa. ukukhula kwamadijithi amabili.

Kodwa-ke, u-Wei Jianguo uveze ukuthi ukwehla kwezinga lokukhula kwenyanga eyodwa kusengaphakathi kwebanga elizinzile, futhi ukwehla "kungokwesikhashana, kuyaqondakala", "ukwethuka okungadingekile, akukwazi ukusho ukuthi ukwehla kwezinga lokukhula kwe- ngenyanga eyodwa ukufakazela ukuthi ikusasa lohwebo lwangaphandle lifiphele, uhwebo lwangaphandle lulonke lusasebenza ngendlela enempilo futhi ezinzile. ”

Esimeni sohwebo sangonyaka ozayo, u-Wei uthe isimo ngonyaka ozayo sibi kakhulu, amabhizinisi asekhaya okuhweba angaphandle kusafanele anqobe umthelela obangelwa ubhubhane lwasekhaya, isikhathi sokubambezeleka sokubuyela emuva, okuyisihluthulelo. Uphinde wagcizelela ukuthi ngemuva kwalolu bhubhane, imboni yezokukhiqiza emhlabeni wonke, inhloko-dolobha, ubuchwepheshe kanye nethalente kuzosheshisa ukudluliselwa eShayina, kufanele sizilungiselele, uma izifundazwe zikulungele ngokwengeziwe, amathuba amaningi okubamba.

Uma kukhulunywa ngesenzo samanje samaqembu amaningi endawo sokubamba ama-oda, u-Wei wakuchaza ngokuthi “intsha emlandweni wohwebo lwangaphandle”, ngasikhathi sinye, wukuqaliswa komhlangano ka-December 6 Central Political Bureau ohlongozwayo “amacadre nesibindi ukwenza, isibindi sendawo sokufohla, amabhizinisi anesibindi sokukwenza, uquqaba lunesibindi sokuphayona” izimfuneko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-Wei wasikisela ukuthi izindawo ezengeziwe kufanele ziphume futhi zithathe isinyathelo kuqala, “njengenyakatho-mpumalanga, manje kufanele kuthiwe idlala indima ‘yeqembu’ ngesikhathi esingcono kakhulu.”

"Ukwehla kwezinga lokukhula kungokwesikhashana, ukuthengiswa kwaminyaka yonke kwezohwebo nokuthekelisa kusazoba yintuthuko enempilo futhi ezinzile"

I-Surfing News: Imininingwane ekhishwe yi-General Administration of Customs ikhombisa ukuthi ngenyanga kaNovemba, inani eliphelele lempahla ethengwayo evela eChina kanye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-3.7, okuwukukhuphuka ngo-0.1% unyaka nonyaka, izinga lokukhula kwesilinganiso esisodwa. inyanga iyaqhubeka nokuncipha, ungalubuka kanjani lolu shintsho?

I-Wei Jianguo: Isizathu sokwehla kokukhula kohwebo lwangaphandle ngenyanga eyodwa, esinye ukusatshalaliswa kwamaphuzu amaningi kobhubhane lwasekhaya kanye nezinye izingqimba zokuvimbela nokulawula ubhubhane lwasekhaya, okuholela kwezinye izindawo zokuvinjelwa kokuthekelisa, okwesibili yiFederal Reserve. ukunyuka kwezinga lenzalo kuholele ekwehleni okukhulu kwamandla emali kweminye iminotho, amandla okuthenga abathengi athikamezekile ngezinga elithile, ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukwehla kwesidingo sabathengi bakwamanye amazwe, okubangele ukusilela emuva i-inventory eqoqiwe, yona ethinta ama-oda alandelayo ekhasimende, okwesithathu yingxabano yaseRussia-Ukraine, ngemuva kokuba amanani entengo Amandla akhuphuka, izindleko zempahla zikhuphuka, futhi ezinye izimboni eYurophu zivaliwe, kangangokuthi kusukela lapho, kuye kwaba nokuncipha kwesidingo. wezimpahla zabathengi ezikhiqizayo neziphilayo e-China.

Kodwa-ke, ukwehla kohwebo lwangaphandle ngenyanga eyodwa kusengaphakathi kwebanga elizinzile, ukwehla kungokwesikhashana futhi kuyaqondakala, ngokombono ophelele, ukuhweba kwamanye amazwe kusesebangeni lokusebenza elinempilo futhi elizinzile, alikwazi ukusho ukuthi ukwehla kokukhula. izinga ngenyanga eyodwa ukufakazela ukuthi ikusasa lohwebo lwangaphandle lifiphele.

Izindaba ze-surfing: ezinyangeni zokuqala eziyi-11 zalo nyaka, uhwebo lwangaphandle lwaseChina lunakho okufanele ukunakwa kokusebenza?

I-Wei Jianguo: Ezinyangeni zokuqala eziyi-11, inani le-China lokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle lilinganiselwa ku-38.34 trillion yuan, okukhuphuke ngo-8.6% esikhathini esifanayo ngonyaka odlule, okuthe ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngama-yuan angama-21.84 trillion, ukwanda ngo-11.9%, ukuthengwa kwamanye amazwe ngo-16.5 ama-trillion yuan, okukhuphuke ngo-4.6%, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe noma ukukhula okunamadijithi amabili.

Njengoba ukusebenza kohwebo lwangaphandle kulo nyaka kunezimpawu ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ezifanele ukunakwa. Okokuqala, ukuhweba okuvamile okungenisiwe kanye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kubalwe ngaphezu kwama-60% yenani eliphelele lohwebo lwangaphandle, lafinyelela ku-63.8%, okuwukunyuka ngamaphesenti angu-2.2 esikhathini esifanayo ngonyaka odlule, ukusebenza kahle kohwebo olujwayelekile kubonisa ukuthi umjikelezo wasekhaya waseChina njengoba umjikelezo oyinhloko, wasekhaya nowamazwe ngamazwe wokugqugquzela okufanayo kwephethini yentuthuko entsha uyaqala.

Okwesibili, ukuhweba ngokucubungula sekuthole ukukhula okuthile. Phakathi nalolu bhubhane, ukuhwebelana kokucubungula bekulokhu kuvilapha, noma ukukhula okungalungile, kanti izinyanga zokuqala eziyi-11 zokucubungula ukungenisa nokuthekelisa ukuhweba kwamanye amazwe ku-7.74 trillion yuan, okukhuphuke ngo-1.3%, ukukhuphuka okuncane kokubaluleka okukhulu kokucubungula ukukhula kwezohwebo kungemuva kwe imvelo ibhizinisi e-China isibe ngcono, inani elikhulu abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe ukutshala ibhizinisi, ukukhiqiza on more.

Okwesithathu, izinga lokukhula kwezwe laseShayina elihlangene lokungenisa nokuthumela kwamanye amazwe emazweni agudle i-“Belt and Road” liphezulu kunezinga lokukhula lilonke lokuhwebelana kwamazwe angaphandle, kanye nobudlelwano bayo bokuhwebelana obusondelene kakhulu, ezinyangeni zokuqala eziyi-11, ukuhlanganiswa kweChina nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwamanye amazwe. eduze kwe-"Belt and Road" ama-yuan angama-trillion ayi-12.54, okukhuphuke ngo-20.4%, izinga lokukhula konyaka nonyaka ngamaphesenti ayi-11.8 ngaphezulu kwesilinganiso sokukhula sisonke sezwe lakwamanye amazwe. ukuhweba, futhi, ngikholelwa ukuthi umfutho wokukhula uzoqhubeka nokukhula.

Okwesine, imikhiqizo yemishini nekagesi kanye nemikhiqizo edinga abasebenzi abaningi ukuze sikhule ngokuphindwe kabili, sasikhathazekile ukuthi, ngenxa yokukhuphuka kwamanani ezinto ezibonakalayo, ukukhuphuka kwezindleko zabasebenzi, kuhambisana neVietnam ezungezile, iMalaysia ngeke ithathe isabelo semakethe nezinye izizathu, abasebenzi. -Ukuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo ejulile kuzokwehla, kodwa kusukela kudatha yangoNovemba odlule, ukuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo edinga abasebenzi abaningi kwamanye amazwe kufinyelele ku-3.91 trillion yuan, okukhuphuke ngo-9.9%, imikhiqizo yemishini nekagesi kanye Imikhiqizo edinga abasebenzi abaningi ithunyelwa ngaphandle Emuva kokukhula okuphindwe kabili, kukhombisa ukuthi siyaqhubeka nokuqinisa uguquko kanye nokwenza ngcono amabhizinisi ohwebo lwangaphandle, kanye nokuguqulwa kwesakhiwo somkhiqizo wamabhizinisi ohwebo lwangaphandle.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinyangeni zokuqala eziyi-11, i-ASEAN isenguzakwethu omkhulu wokuhweba, lapha sibonga ukuqaliswa kwe-RCEP, futhi i-RCEP elandelayo izoqhubeka nokusebenza.

Ngakho-ke, ngokombono ophelele wonyaka wonke, ngicabanga ukuthi ukungeniswa kwezohwebo kanye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kusazoba ukuthuthukiswa okunempilo futhi okuzinzile, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kusazokhula ngamadijithi amabili, ukuthengiswa kwamanye amazwe kuzokhula maduze.

"Ama-oda wamabhizinisi angaphandle yisitsha serayisi, iqembu eliya olwandle liyintsha emlandweni wohwebo lwangaphandle"
I-Surfing News: Njengamanje, ohulumeni abaningi basekhaya bahlela amabhizinisi ukuze abambe ama-oda, uwubheka kanjani lo mjikelezo?

I-Wei Jianguo: kumabhizinisi ohwebo angaphandle, i-oda liyisitsha selayisi, awekho ama-oda angakwazi ukusinda. Uhulumeni wahlela amabhizinisi ohwebo lwangaphandle ukuthi aye olwandle, kungashiwo njengokuqanjwa kabusha emlandweni wohwebo lwangaphandle. Ngiqaphele ukuthi lokhu okusha akukhona kuphela eGuangdong elisogwini, eZhejiang, eJiangsu, eFujian, njll., ezifundeni ezimaphakathi nesentshonalanga, okuhlanganisa i-Hunan, iSichuan, njll. nayo yaqala, okuyinto enhle.

Ngaphezu kokusungula izinto ezintsha, ulwandle lokuthatha ama-oda kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqalisa umhlangano wango-December 6 we-Central Political Bureau “amabutho angalokotha akwenze, isibindi sendawo sokubhodloza, amabhizinisi anesibindi sokukwenza, uquqaba lunesibindi sokuphayona” izimfuneko.

Iqembu lokuthatha ama-oda phesheya, okokuqala, libonisa ukuthi ngemuva kwe-20th National Congress, amabhizinisi ohwebo lwangaphandle abe nokubukeka okusha, alinge ukufohla ukuze awine umhlaba; okwesibili, ama-oda angamabhizinisi ohwebo lwangaphandle, kodwa alandelwa uchungechunge lokukhiqiza, ukuqashwa kanye nesethi egcwele yemakethe yasekhaya, ngakho-ke ama-oda wokubamba ukubamba imakethe; okwesithathu, amabhizinisi okuhweba angaphandle azobukisa phesheya, kunezinkinga eziningi zamabhizinisi, uhulumeni wadlala indima "Esinye isandla", ungabona ukuthi uhulumeni uyashesha, izinsiza ezikhona zokusiza amabhizinisi ukuxazulula ubunzima, okubandakanya izindiza eziqashiwe, ubhubhane. ukuvimbela kanye nemali.

Kusukela manje kuze kube ngo-April ozayo, May, umhlaba izoba namakhulu amahlanu noma ayisithupha imibukiso ehlukahlukene, kumele sibambe iqhaza ngenkuthalo, hhayi kuphela Guangdong, Hong Kong futhi Macao, esifundeni Yangtze River Delta iqhaza, izifunda emaphakathi nasentshonalanga, the isifunda esisenyakatho-mpumalanga kufanele futhi sibambe iqhaza ngenkuthalo, manje isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokudlala indima "yeqembu".

Ubhubhane lweminyaka emithathu alulona nje uhwebo lwangaphandle, umnotho wethu uwonke ngokuhwebelana komhlaba wonke, ukuxhumana, ukumisa idokodo akwanele, uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla emhlabeni wonke eminyakeni emithathu edlule luqhubekile nokulungisa, futhi lokhu kulungiswa kungenxa yokungabikho kwamanye amabhizinisi aseShayina. , manje lesi sikhathi sokwenza ibanga, ngokushesha singene ochungechungeni olusha lokuhlinzekwa komhlaba wonke, uchungechunge lwezimboni, kufanele senze umsebenzi omuhle "wokushintshanisa, ukuxhumana, ukumisa ", sidinga ukuphuma, hhayi nje ukulwa nama-oda okuthunyelwa ngaphandle, kodwa futhi ukuheha ukutshalwa kwezimali okwengeziwe e-China.

“Isimo sohwebo lwangaphandle ngonyaka ozayo sibi, kodwa futhi yisikhathi esinamandla”

I-Surfing News: sithini isibikezelo sesimo sohwebo lwangaphandle ngonyaka ozayo?

I-Wei Jianguo: izimo ezimbili, isimo ngonyaka ozayo sibi, amabhizinisi asekhaya okuhweba angaphandle kusadingeka anqobe umthelela obangelwa ubhubhane lwasekhaya, isikhathi esibambezelekile sokubuyela emuva, okuyisihluthulelo, isici samazwe ngamazwe, ezinye ze-counter- ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke, okuhlanganisa ukuvikelwa kwezohwebo, unilateralism, njll., kuzoba nomthelela omkhulu ekuhwebeni kweShayina kwamanye amazwe, nakho kuwubunzima bethu obukhulu futhi okufanele sibunqobe.

Kusukela ekupheleni kwalo nyaka amabhizinisi ahweba kwamanye amazwe ukuze abone isimo, unyaka ozayo yisikhathi esinamandla. Ukuze uqhubeke uvule izwe langaphandle ezingeni eliphezulu, amabhizinisi ohwebo lwangaphandle ukuqhubekisela phambili umoya wesibindi ukwenza alinge ukufohla, futhi silwela ukuba ngonyaka ozayo, isidingo sangaphandle akwanele, ngisho nesidingo angaphandle isikhathi isikhathi sinzima kakhulu, ukuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe ukuguquguquka phezu kobunzima, ukugcina okwamanje, noma okungcono nakakhulu kunesimo salo nyaka, ukukhula kwamadijithi amabili ekuhwebeni kwamanye amazwe, kuzonwetshwa ngaphansi kwemizamo yethu isikhathi esithile.

I-Surf News: Yiziphi izinto ezivelele zohwebo lwangaphandle lwangonyaka ozayo okufanele ukunakwa?

I-Wei Jianguo: Okugqama kakhulu uhlobo lwesimanje lwesiShayina esifuna ukulisebenzisa. Isitayela saseShayina sesimanjemanje sigcizelela izinga eliphezulu lokuvuleleka emhlabeni wangaphandle. Ngonyaka ozayo, kuzoba nochungechunge lwezinqubomgomo nezinyathelo zokukhuthaza izinga eliphezulu lokuvuleleka emazweni angaphandle, ukukhuthaza imvelo yebhizinisi laseShayina, ukuvikelwa kwempahla yengqondo, ikakhulukazi ekusungulweni kohlelo lwezimakethe olusekelwe ekugunyazweni, ekuthengiseni nasekuthengiseni amazwe ngamazwe, ukuthatha igxathu elikhulu eliya phambili, futhi imakethe enkulu yaseChina izoheha ukutshalwa kwezimali okungenakubalwa njenge-sucker. Ngemuva kwalolu bhubhane, ukukhiqizwa komhlaba wonke, inhlokodolobha, ubuchwepheshe kanye namakhono kuzosheshisa ukudluliselwa eShayina, kufanele sikulungele, izifundazwe ezilungiselele kakhudlwana, amathuba engeziwe okubamba iqhaza.

I-Surfing News: Iyiphi indima ezodlalwa ukuzinzisa uhwebo lwangaphandle ekusimamiseni ukukhula? Ngonyaka ozayo, ukuhweba kwamanye amazwe okuzinzile kufanele kube kusuka yiziphi izici zokwenza imizamo?

I-Wei Jianguo: Ekusetshenzisweni akuzange kugcinwe, umphumela wokutshalwa kwezimali awukabonakali, ukuhweba kwamanye amazwe kuzoqhubeka nokudlala indima enkulu. Ukuzinzisa ukuhweba kwamanye amazwe, into eyinhloko ukuzinzisa izifundo zemakethe, ukuzinzisa inqubomgomo yokuhweba kwamanye amazwe. Okokuqala, ukuqaliswa kochungechunge lwezinqubomgomo zohwebo lwangaphandle kusukela kulo nyaka, okubandakanya umshwalense, izikweletu, amasiko, kuhlanganise nezinqubomgomo ezithile ezikhethwayo ze-e-commerce ewela umngcele, ukubamba inhlangano nokusebenzisa; okwesibili, ukusungula iqembu elikhulu, elivulekile lenethiwekhi yolwazi, isidingo somhlaba wonke salokho izinto, iyiphi indawo enombukiso, iyiphi indawo edinga lokho amakhasimende, isiphi iseluleko ngemikhiqizo yethu, yiziphi izimakethe ezisadinga ukubhekwa, ukuhweba kwamanye amazwe ukuze kubambe njenge ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka Okwesithathu, ukusungulwa “kwefulegi” njengenhloko, enye “i-frigate” yokugcinwa kwemodeli “yemikhumbi”, okungukuthi, amabhizinisi amakhulu azohola, namabhizinisi amancane axhumanisa phezulu nomfula, ukwakhiwa. yendlela “yokumisa okukodwa” ukuthuthukisa izimakethe ezintsha.

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